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What is Respiration ?

Learn about the chemical process of extracting energy from food via respiration. Explore how organisms exchange gases with their environment and the components of the respiratory system. Discover the mechanics of breathing, gas exchange formulas, and common respiratory system malfunctions.

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What is Respiration ?

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  1. What is Respiration? The chemical process of getting energy out of food. Oxygen Energy Food

  2. Gas Exchange • Physical methods that organisms have for obtaining oxygen from their surroundings and removing excess carbon dioxide

  3. Respiratory Surface • When oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between an organism and its environment, the gases pass through a boundary surface • Thin-walled • Moist • In contact with transport system

  4. The Respiratory System has many parts

  5. Nasal Cavity • Is lined with mucous membranes, which warm, moisten and filter the air.

  6. Pharynx • Throat cavity where trachea and esophagus meet. • The epiglottis keeps food from entering the trachea.

  7. Larynx • Is the voice box. • As air is breathed in and out, the vocal cords vibrate to make sounds.

  8. Trachea • Tube lined with rings of cartilage (for strength and support). • Lined with ciliated mucous membranes for trapping microscopic particles.

  9. Bronchi • Tube which enters each lung. Bronchioles • Bronchi subdivide many times forming bronchioles.

  10. Bronchi and Bronchioles

  11. Alveoli • Are at the end of the bronchioles. • Sacs surrounded by capillaries. • This is where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place (respiratory surface).

  12. Surface Area • The alveoli increase the surface area for gas exchange. • The surface area of all the alveoli equals the surface area of a football field!

  13. Diaphragm • A sheet of smooth muscle which changes the size of the chest cavity.

  14. DO NOW: • What are the 3 functions of part A? • What is the name of part B? • What is the name of part C? • What is the name of part D? • What is the name of Part E?

  15. Mechanics of Breathing • Mechanical process of taking air into and out of the lungs

  16. Inhalation • When inhaling, the diaphragm contracts, causing the chest cavity to enlarge. • This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs.

  17. Exhalation • The diaphragm relaxes and moves up • The volume of the chest cavity decreases • Air is forced out

  18. Chemical Formulas for gas exchange • Oxygen is carried by the red blood cells as oxyhemoglobin [Hb(O2)4] • Carbon dioxide is carried in the form of the bicarbonate ion. CO2 + H2O ----- H2CO3

  19. MALFUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

  20. BRONCHITIS • Inflammation of the linings of the bronchial tubes • Air passages become swollen and clogged with mucus • Causes coughing and breathing difficulty • Caused by bacteria or virus

  21. BRONCHITIS

  22. ASTHMA • A severe allergic reaction. • Constriction of the bronchioles makes breathing difficult.

  23. ASTHMA

  24. EMPHYSEMA • Walls of the alveoli break down • Less respiratory surface • Shortness of breath

  25. PNEUMONIA • Disease caused by bacteria or viruses. • Alveoli fill with fluid. • Prevents gas exchange.

  26. LUNG CANCER • Tumors form in the lungs as a result of uncontrollable cell reproduction.

  27. The diagram below represents part of a capillary in a specific region of the human body. The region labeled X represents part of(1) a glomerulus (2) an alveolus (3) a villus (4) the liver

  28. In humans, gas exchange and gas transport occur as a result of the functioning of a system of (1) phloem tubes (2) lungs and blood vessels (3) ganglia (4) setae

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