Preparing a decommissioning project (part I)

1. Preparing a decommissioning project(part I) H. Sterner E. Thurow Energiewerke Nord GmbH H. Sterner; E. Thurow, EWN, chapter 3

2. Company EWNView of the Greifswald NPP Site

3. waste water injection plant drain ditch 60 waste dump ZLN waste water purification plant turbine hall unit 1/2 unit 3/4 unit 1/2 unit 5/6 unit 3/4 unit 7/8 unit 5/6 ZAB ZAW ZLN - Intermediate Storage Facility North ZAW - Central Active Workshop ZAB - Intermediate wet Storage Facility for Spent Fuel controlled areas complete monitored area planned controlled area (after erection of ZLN) contamination 0,5 - 5,0 Bq/cm² Greifswald NPPSite layout and radiation protection areas

4. Company EWNBasic data on the reactor units

5. Company EWNDismantling project Project Facts Objective: green field site reuse Duration: 1995 – 2012 Dismantling Masses: 1.800 Mio Mg Spent Fuel: 5037 elements

6. Greifswald NPPState of dismantling/disposal (09.2004) Dismantled material 154.139 Mg Dismantled material 133.450 Mg

7. Company EWNSite reuse - vision

8. Preparing a decommissioning project Content of presentation 3.1 Introductory Remarks 3.2 Fundamentals 3.3 Project analysis 3.4 Technical concept 3.5 Decommissioning plan 3.6 Licensing aspects 3.7 Financial aspects 3.8 Social aspects

9. Introduction Decommissioning reasons • achieving planned designed life time • less actual life time than planned • high maintenance and operational costs • future costs can not be calculated • safety uncertainties • material aging • incident • political decision

10. Introduction • Decommissioning • final phase in life-cycle of nuclear facility • objective: exemption / removal from regulatory control • activities: decontamination, dismantling, demolition, fuel/waste/material disposal..... • consideration: health and safety of personnel and public, preservation of environment

11. Basic considerations • Decommissioning strategy • Financing • Technical • Waste Management • Fuel Management • Social

12. Boundary conditions political: • acceptance by authority and public • legal/licensing constrictions • specific local conditions technical: • plant and site conditions • plant design • availability of fuel storages • waste management possibilities and disposal options

13. Boundary conditions financial: • availability of budget • cash flow social: • personnel age and competence • personnel strategy • integration in project • privatisation strategy

14. Project objectives • implementation of project • minimum risk • as cheap as possible (i.e. generally also as fast as possible) • socially acceptable

15. Project objectives • Example of derived criteria • General • fulfilment of safety criteria • minimum costs Example EWN • maximum use of own personnel and local companies • site reuse • know-how transfer • privatisation

16. Project objectives Safety criteria • guarantee nuclear safety - subcriticality • - cooling  • guarantee appropriate radiation protection • - limit dose commitment (ALARA) • conventional workers safety • release of radioactivity below licensed levels

17. Project analysis Objectives of project analysis • evaluation of the project under all boundary conditions, considering feasible alternatives • determination of main project tasks and necessary investments • determination of main conditions and basic time schedule • determination of requirements on personnel (qualification and number)

18. Project analysis Main issues of the project analysis • spent fuel management (and fresh fuel if present) • waste management • dismantling strategy • mass flow logistic • post operation • personnel strategy • site reuse options

19. Project analysis Result of the project analysis • main dependencies between project activities • mile stones and overall project life time • key decision plan (with arguments)

20. EWN - Project analysis

21. Project analysis Example:Key decisions by EWN • direct dismantling instead of safe enclosure • necessity of a new dry spent fuel storage • necessity of an interim storage with treatment capabilities for radioactive material from dismantling due to lack of final disposal capacities • project realisation by own staff instead of contractors • site reuse for industrial activities instead of green field

22. operation post operational phase decommissioning variant 2 1 establishsafe enclosure complete immediate dismantling safe enclosure completedismantling Decommissioning variants

23. Decommissioning variants operational licence decommissioning licence realisation post safe dismantling operation operation enclosure safe enclosure variant 1: safe enclosure 3-5 a 2-3 a ~ 30 a 12 - 14 a planning 4 a post immediate operation dismantling operation variant 2: immediate dismantling 3-5 a 12 - 14 a shutdown

24. Decommissioning variants Safe enclosure - advantage: • activity reduction by radioactive decay • timely postponement of investments • progress in decommissioning technique

25. Decommissioning variants Safe enclosure - disadvantage: • qualified plant personnel is not available • possible negative effects on local acceptance • extensive backfitting necessary • safe enclosure • dismantling • technical infrastructure is not usable • radiological measuring problems due to decay of Co-60

26. Project analysis

27. Dismantling of the controlled area Transport steam generator No. 5, unit 1 Dismantling RPV unit 5 - Transport to the ISN

28. Dismantling of the monitoring area

29. Project analysis

30. Interim Storage North (ISN)

31. ISN – cross section storage for spent fuel and interim/decay storage for radioactive material storage area 20.000m² dimension l. 240m x w. 140m x h. 18m halls 1-7 radioactive material: - 20‘-containers- cast iron containers - concrete containers - steel containers - casks (cast iron) - large components hall 8 spent fuel in CASTOR casks masses halls 1-7 approx. 110.000Mg hall 8 585Mg (heavy metal)

32. Interim Storage North High pressure compactor Drying facility Scrap shear Band saw

33. Interim Storage North

34. Project analysis