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Lecture 8: Everything is Exchangeable

Explore the connections between the whole and its parts in digital media, including modularity, multiplicity, databases, time, and space. Learn about concepts such as transcoding, variability, automation, interactivity, and more.

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Lecture 8: Everything is Exchangeable

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  1. Lecture 8:Everything is Exchangeable Professor Victoria Meng What are the relationships between the whole and its parts in digital media?

  2. Lecture Outline: Learning Tasks • Anne Friedberg, “The Multiple.”

  3. Lecture Outline: Learning Tasks • Anne Friedberg, “The Multiple.” • Lev Manovich, “The Database.”

  4. Lecture Outline: Learning Tasks • Anne Friedberg, “The Multiple.” • Lev Manovich, “The Database.” • Timecode (Figgis, 2000) • YouTube.com; You Are I Am; ytmnd.com (You’re The Man Now, Dog!)

  5. Lecture Outline: Major Concepts and Terms • Modularity • Multiplicity • Database • Time • Space

  6. Lecture Outline: Connections • Principles of new media (esp. transcoding and variability) • Automation and interactivity • Concepts from Lessons 1-5 • Looking ahead: Layers, composites, and simulations

  7. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” http://thevirtualwindow.net

  8. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • 191-194: Introduction. Les Usines du Rio-Tinto a L’Estaque Georges Braque, 1910

  9. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • 191-194: Introduction. Woman Playing the Mandolin Pablo Picasso, 1909

  10. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” “Digital multiples are readily cloned and easily deployed; gravity-defying digital effects change the physical and temporal laws of the computer-rendered environment. If the digital image is post-photographic; the digital moving-image is postcinematic.” (193) “Postperspectival” (194)

  11. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple”

  12. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple”

  13. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple”

  14. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • 194-219: history and taxonomy of multiple frames and screens. History Theory

  15. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • Multiple  One Big Frame/Screen (ex: Cinerama)

  16. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • Multiple  Various related frames/screens (ex: Timecode)

  17. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • Multiple  Various related frames/screens (ex: Timecode)

  18. Interlude: Sights and Sounds • It is easier to distinguish sounds in time than space. • It is easier to distinguish sights in space than time.

  19. Interlude: Sights and Sounds http://ytmnd.com/info/about

  20. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • Multiple  Random associations

  21. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • 194-219: history and taxonomy of multiple frames and screens. • Multiple  One Big Frame/Screen • Multiple  Various related frames/screens • Multiple  Random associations

  22. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” • 219-239: history and theory of digital media’s multiple “povs” Early GUIs Transcoding Personal computers Human extensions Macs v. MS (v. Linux) Business models Multi-tasking interactivity Digital lifestyle

  23. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” “Stacking windows on top of each other, piling documents in layers, meant that the user could maximize the limited ‘real estate’ of the relatively small screen. The space mapped onto the computer screen was both deep and flat.” (227)

  24. Anne Friedberg: “The Multiple” Overhead v. Eye-Level Interaction

  25. The Lesson of Stereoscopy

  26. The Lesson of Stereoscopy

  27. The Lesson of Stereoscopy Mars surface, 3D image, 10/28/2008 Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech

  28. Review: Sobchackv. Friedberg Sobchack: media are not all the same. Friedberg: “By now, the once distinct material differences between cinematic, televisual, and computer screens have vanished.” (236)

  29. Lev Manovich: “The Database” “…regardless of how often we repeat in public that the modernist notion of medium specificity (“every medium should develop its own unique language”) is obsolete, we do expect computer narratives to showcase new aesthetic possibilities that did not exist before digital computers.” (237)

  30. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Mystique, from X-Men: the Last Stand (Ratner, 2006)

  31. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Database software-related icons, found by Google Image search

  32. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Media Access • Last of Manovich’s three forms of automation • A computer’s ability to search for and retrieve the right information from a database upon request • Depends on speed, amount of data, and quality of transcoding

  33. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Raiders of the Lost Ark (Spielberg, 1981)

  34. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Have you used any of these?

  35. Lev Manovich: “The Database” What about these?

  36. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Solution: • Constant updates

  37. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Solution: • Constant updates?

  38. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Organization tactics • Database: a structured collection of data. (Hierarchical, network, object-oriented, etc.) (218) • Example of meta-data: LCC

  39. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Organization tactics • Not neutral • Detachable

  40. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Manovich: “…data does not just exist – it has to be generated. Data creators have to collect data and organize it, or create it from scratch…” (224)

  41. Lev Manovich: “The Database” YouTube founders: Steve Chen, Chad Hurley, Jawed Karim

  42. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Prof. Meng’s “Cute” Playlist

  43. Lev Manovich: “The Database” Maru, internet sensation

  44. Lev Manovich: “The Database” User-“Appropriated” content

  45. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Organization tactics • Not neutral • Detachable • Content-Database relationship

  46. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Organization tactics • Not neutral • Detachable • Content-Database relationship • -Illusion of infinite plenitude

  47. Lev Manovich: “The Database” • Problem with digital databases: • Technological obsolescence • Organization tactics • Content-Database relationship • Media access requires well-designed transcoding at every level

  48. Lev Manovich: “The Database” What do these images have in common?

  49. Time: Ultimate Denominator Opportunity Cost: The price we pay for “the road not taken.”

  50. Time: Ultimate Denominator

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