190 likes | 200 Views
2. Investment Analysis. Initial costs breakdown and estimates, contingencies, working capital, project financing, equity, loans. Overview. 2.1 Estimating Investment Costs 2.2 Working Capital Requirement 2.3 Project Financing 2.4 Calculating Loans 2.5 Depreciation & Booked Value.
E N D
2. Investment Analysis Initial costs breakdown and estimates, contingencies, working capital, project financing, equity, loans Investment Analysis
Overview • 2.1 Estimating Investment Costs • 2.2 Working Capital Requirement • 2.3 Project Financing • 2.4 Calculating Loans • 2.5 Depreciation & Booked Value Investment Analysis
Estimating Investment Costs • Investment breakdown, buildings, equipment, other • Contingencies and uncertainties • Three point estimation method: • optimistic • most likely • pessimistic Investment Analysis
Face the facts! Investment Analysis
Three Point Estimate: a, m, b • Assuming a Beta probability distribution • Expected value of each item t = (a+4m+b)/6 • Variance of each item v = [(b-a)/6]^2 • Expected Total T = Sum of Exp. values t • Variance of Total V = Sum of Variances v • Standard Dev. of Total S = sqrt(V) • Upper/Lower Limits = T +/- Z*S • Z = Confidence Coefficient Investment Analysis
Confidence Coefficients • Confidence Level Coefficient Value Examples 90% 1.28 95% 1.65 98% 2.05 99.9% 3.09 Investment Analysis
Shall we slow down? Investment Analysis
Working Capital Requirement • Inventory build-up • Slow starting projects • Other initial costs (Loan Management Fees etc) • Cash Flow (debtors) Investment Analysis
Project Financing • Equity and other funding from shareholders • Loans and other forms of financing from others • Equity Ratio vs Loan Terms Investment Analysis
Calculating Loans • Repayment schedules, loans interests • Annuity loans, bullet loans, ... • Loan Management Fees Investment Analysis
Depreciation & Booked Value • Depreciation Schemes • Straight Line Depreciation • Booked value of fixed assets Investment Analysis
Are all expenses necessary? Investment Analysis