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Applications of Contingency Management in Reinforcement

This chapter explores the use of reinforcement to increase appropriate behaviors and decrease inappropriate ones. It covers the three stages of assessment, contracting, and implementation, with a focus on token economies and the use of reinforcement in various settings. The potential benefits and challenges of wider implementation are also discussed.

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Applications of Contingency Management in Reinforcement

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  1. PSY402Theories of Learning Chapter 6 (Cont.) Applications of Appetitive Learning

  2. Contingency Management • Reinforcement is used to increase appropriate behaviors and decrease inappropriate ones. • Three stages: • Assessment – determine the frequency of behaviors and when they occur • Contracting – specify relationships between reward and behavior • Implementation – evaluate change, modify plan

  3. Assessment Report

  4. Contracting • Deciding the schedule of reinforcement • Specify stages if shaping is involved • Identify inappropriate behaviors that will not be reinforced, if any • Who will administer the reinforcement? • Self-reinforcement produces the same results as external reinforcement.

  5. Implementation Target behaviors decline when reinforcement is discontinued.

  6. Does it work?

  7. Token Economies • Used to reduce disruptive classroom behavior. • Also increases academic performance when disruption is reduced. • Decreases discipline referrals and suspensions at the high school level. • Promotes drug abstinence • High magnitude reward works better • Increases exercise & improves health

  8. DRO Reduces Class Disruption

  9. Other Applications • Businesses reduce tardiness, decrease theft, increase worker safety, enhance productivity. • Pay bonuses, time off, name in newsletter • Incentives for customers – fast food, airlines • Energy efficiency programs • Carpool lanes • Seatbelt use, recycling programs • Less used in mental institutions

  10. Why Not Wider Use? • Not widely used with VA psychiatric patients even though it has demonstrated efficacy. • 20 of 152 VA medical centers used them • Reasons: • Under pressure to reduce hospitalization time • Poorly paid staff unwilling to take on new responsibilities • No change since 1992

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