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DCE3601. Model Organisasi Pembelajaran. The Fragrance and Taste of Durian. Human Knowledge (Polanyi, 1966). “We can know more than we can tell” (p.4) Classified into Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge. Explicit Knowledge. Codified knowledge that can be expressed through formal language
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DCE3601 Model OrganisasiPembelajaran
Human Knowledge (Polanyi, 1966) • “We can know more than we can tell” (p.4) • Classified into • Explicit knowledge • Tacit knowledge
Explicit Knowledge • Codified knowledge that can be expressed through formal language • Generally captured in speech, written documents and databases.
Tacit or Explicit Lecture Notes Beckham Executing a free kick Mom cooking rendang A recipe A car owner’s manual An F1 mechanic tuning an F1 car
Tacit Knowledge • Personal in nature • Difficult to formalize and communicated • Tacit knowledge involves (Nonaka, 1994): • Cognitive elements – “mental models” (Johnson-Laird, 1983) schemata, paradigms, beliefs and viewpoints that help us view the world • Technical elements – Concrete know-how, crafts and skills that are applied to specific contexts
Tacit or Explicit Lecture Notes Beckham Executing a free kick Mom cooking rendang A recipe A car owner’s manual An F1 mechanic tuning an F1 car
Learning • Formal – Schools, Colleges • Informal – Interactions, socialization • Non-formal – Community, NGO • Incidental – Action, doing
Learning Processes • Adaptive Learning - Changes in reaction to changing environments • Proactive Learning - Purposive changes in anticipation of the future Beck (1997)
Learning Processes • Intentional use of learning processes at individual, group and system level to continuously transform the organization to increase satisfaction of the stakeholders • Involves four steps • Widespread generation of ideas • Integration of new/local information • Collective interpretation of information into context • Authority to take responsible action on interpreted meaning
Evolution of Organizations (Hitt, 1995) The Learning Organization Peter Senge, 1990 The Performance-Based Organization Peter Drucker, 1964 The Bureaucratic Organization Max Webber, 1947 1900 1950 2000 1990
The Five DisciplinesPeter Senge (1990) • Systems Thinking • Shared Vision • Mental Model • Personal Mastery • Team Learning
Learning Subsystems ModelMarquardt (1996) People People Learning Technology Knowledge Organization
Learning Organization Action Imperatives (Watkins and Marsick, 1996) Provide strategic leadership for learning Connect organization to its environment Global Empower people toward a collective vision Create systems to capture and share learning Organization Continuous Learning And Change Encourage Collaboration and Team Learning Team Promote enquiry and dialogue Create continuous learning opportunities Individuals
CONTOH UPM universiti terkemuka dalam bidang penyelidikan • Systems Thinking: Setiap bahagian akan berkerja kearah memudahkan penyelidikan dilaksanakan • Shared Vision: Warga UPM mendukung wawasan UPM sebagai pusat penyelidikan unggul • Mental Model: Semua warga bersedia mengamalkan inovasi dalam penyelidikan • Personal Mastery: Membentuk kemahiran dan kemampuan dalam penyelidikan • Team Learning: Bersama melaksanakan penyelidikan dan bertukar pengalaman.