The Homefront WWII

1. The Homefront WWII

2. Facts you GOTTA KNOW! • WWII affected every aspect of American Life • Americans were asked to make sacrifices in support of the war effort and the ideas for which we fought

3. WWII Ended The Depression • Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war

4. WAR PRODUCTION BOARD • To ensure the troops had ample resources, FDR created the WPB • The WPB decided which companies would convert to wartime production and how to best allocate raw materials to those industries

6. COLLECTION DRIVES • The WPB also organized nationwide drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling • Additionally, the OPA set up a system of rationing • Households had set allocations of scarce goods – gas, meat, shoes, sugar, coffee

7. Rationing • Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing resources

9. WWII Poster encouraging conservation

10. Victory Gardens Victory Gardens were a big thing during WWII. Americans were encouraged to grow and can as much as they could. The food from farms was needed for the war effort.

11. Rosie the Riveter • Thousands of American Women took jobs in defense plants during the war

12. Racial Barriers • The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers • Although discrimination continued, many African Americans were hired to work in defense plants

13. Propaganda

14. Americans of All Ages Helped Out

15. Japanese Americans • Many Japanese Americans served in the Armed Forces • Many others were treated with distrust and prejudice and forced into internment camps

16. WOMEN JOIN THE FIGHT • Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall pushed for the formation of the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) • Under this program women worked in non-combat roles such as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, and pilots

17. ALL AMERICANS FOUGHT Despite discrimination at home, minority populations contributed to the war effort • 1,000,000 African Americans served in the military • 300,000 Mexican-Americans • 33,000 Japanese Americans • 25,000 Native Americans • 13,000 Chinese Americans These “Golden 13” Great Lakes officers scored the highest marks ever on the Officers exam in 1944

18. TUSKEGEE AIRMEN • Among the brave men who fought in Italy were pilots of the all-black 99th squadron – the Tuskegee Airmen • The pilots made numerous effective strikes against Germany and won two distinguished Unit Citations

19. MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS • In 1941, FDR created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) to bring scientists into the war effort • Focus was on radar and sonar to locate submarines • Also the scientists worked on penicillin and pesticides like DDT

20. MANHATTAN PROJECT • The most important achievement of the OSRD was the secret development of the atomic bomb • Einstein wrote to FDR warning him that the Germans were attempting to develop such a weapon • The code used to describe American efforts to build the bomb was the “Manhattan Project”

21. Location of the 10 Internment camps

22. Jerome camp in Arkansas

23. U.S. PAYS REPARATIONS TO JAPANESE • In the late 1980s, President Reagan signed into law a bill that provided $20,000 to every Japanese American sent to a relocation camp • The checks were sent out in 1990 along with a note from President Bush saying, “We can never fully right the wrongs of the past . . . we now recognize that serious wrongs were done to Japanese Americans during WWII.” Today the U.S. is home to more than 1,000,000 Japanese-Americans

24. Nearly 59 years after the end of World War II, the National World War II Memorial was dedicated in Washington, D.C., on Saturday, May 29, 2004 to honor the 408,680 Americans who died in the conflict