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Explore the impact of World War I on soldiers and the home front, including casualties, propaganda, women's roles, wartime economics, and the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles.
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Bellringer: 2/15 and 2/16 • 1. Pick up the papers by the door. SIT NEAR YOUR ASSIGNED SEAT! • 2. Go to https://b.socrative.com/login/student/ or open the Socrative Student app and wait for SOL Quiz #3 to be launched. • Room Name:CQJGKHIF6 • 3. Update your ToC: • 114: Notes – The End/Effects of WWI • 115: WWI Study Guide • 4. Write down your HW: • Study for your WWI mini-test NEXT CLASS; complete your WWI study guide
Agenda: 2/15 and 2/16 • 1. Bellringer • 2. SOL Quiz #3 • 3. Notes – The End/Effects of WWI • 4. Propaganda Poster for WWI • 5. Study Guide Work Time
WWI was supposed to be a “quick war,” but with daily advances in technology most battles ended in stalemate with tens to hundreds of thousands of soldiers dying…
Casualties of Modern Weaponry & Warfare • Tactics of sending masses of men toward enemy didn’t work against modern weapons why trench warfare developed • New machine guns/artillery = more deaths during WWI • British suffered 57,470 casualties on the first day of the Battle of Somme • Total losses for World War I exceeded 10 million
War Takes a Mental Toll: Soldiers’ Welfare • WWI turns into a war of attrition, not the 6 month war everyone was expecting • Not “Home by Christmas” as was originally advertised • Once, young and eager soldiers proud to serve their country, now had little faith in their cause • Some soldiers were mentally or physically wounded while many others lost their lives
War on the Home Front: • Citizens back home made huge sacrifices (“Victory Gardens”) • Governments controlled industries, rationing to help supply soldiers • Women enter the workforce in place of men who are fighting
War on the Home Front: Women at Work • Women poured into the workforce replacing men who went off to war • Jobs: • Ran farms • Factory workers • Office assistants • Nurses
War on the Home Front: Women at Work • Middle and upper class women: paramilitary organizations • 40,000 nurses • Cooks • Drivers • Mechanics • 13,000 Women’s Land Army
Women’s Wages and Changing Roles • Paid less than men • After the war, women were “demobilized” to make room for men in their jobs. • Women discovered benefit of financial autonomy • Some refused to return to domestic service • Women won the right to vote throughout Europe
Wartime Economics Have a Bad Aftermath • WWI left the world financially stressed • To finance war costs governments: • Raised taxes • Took out loans • Rationed food, clothing, gasoline • Set prices • Forbid strikes • Forced civilian labor • Enforced “drafts”
The First World War Ends • Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire were first Central Powers to be defeated • Revolts inside Austria-Hungary and Germany helped end the war quickly • November 11, 1918 11 A.M.*** • Armistice Day!
Paris Peace Conference -1919 • Dominated by the leaders of the four major Allied Powers: • Woodrow Wilson (U.S.) • David Lloyd George (Britain) • George Clemenceau (France) • Vittorio Orlando (Italy) • Russia was not invited • Central Powers were given a small role In 1919, the Big 4 met in Paris to negotiate the Treatyof Versailles
Self-determination:boundaries decided based on people & they establish their own governments Freedom of Seas:open trading to all peaceful nations, remove tariffs No secret treaties or alliances Mandate System:Colonial policies should consider the interests of the people League of Nations:to provide peaceful means of solving disputes rather than war Arms should be reduced Wilson’s 14 Points: The 14 Points = U.S. President Wilson’s plan for peace after WWI
Treaty of Versailles • Signed June 28, 1919 • Made Germany agree to “Guilt Clause” • Germany pays war reparations of $33 Billion • Carved large chunks of territory from Germany and placed many restrictions on the German government. • Provided for the formation of the League of Nations.
Germany Loses Land after WWI • Alsace-Lorraine returned to France. • Belgium gained some small territories along its boarders. • Poland restored as an independent nation.
The Issue of the Rhineland • A “buffer zone” between Germany and France • Was to be kept free of German military and weapons • Allied troops occupied it
According to the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was.. • Not allowed to manufacture heavy artillery, tanks, or airplanes. • Not allowed to have any submarines (U-boats) and only a few ships • BUT, THERE’s A PROBLEM… • Allies lacked ability to enforce imposed restrictions.
Weaknesses of the Treaty of Versailles • Germany was humiliated • Sets stage for development of Nazi Party • Allies ignored the needs of the new Soviet Government • International instability was created in the new nations and mandates • U.S. returned to isolationist policies • America dislikes the Treaty of Versailles (thinks it is unfair!)
Overall End Results of WWI: • Colonies’ participation in war increased demands for independence. • End of Russian Imperial, Ottoman, German and Austro-Hungarian empires • U.S. - economic giant • 10 million+ are dead and Europe is in ruins • Germany is upset and ready for revenge
WWI Propaganda Poster Create propaganda poster that would have appeared at the post office, grocery store, bank or any other public place during WWI. When creating the poster consider the following: • Color: Is it patriotic or just colorful and eye catching? • Words: Who is the poster speaking to…rich intellectuals, small children, or someone in between. • Symbols: Are there any symbols that mean or stand for other things. (e.g. an eagle is a symbol of freedom) • Message: Simple……..what is it going to say? • Audience: Who are you addressing in your poster? Who do you want to be reading this poster? • Purpose: Which branch of the military or government agency is this poster created to support?
WWI Propaganda Poster • Must work by yourself to complete the poster. • Must contain at least 1 image. • Must contain a reference to a particular nation • Must contain correct information about WWI. (1914-1918)
