Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning

1. Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning Natural Hazard Mitigation Association Content provided by Lawrence Frank, MPR, CFM and Shannon Burke

2. Purpose of Module Discuss the benefits of integrating hazard mitigation planning into the local community’s entire network of plans • Communities are driven by a network of plans • Hazard mitigation considerations can help protect a community’s investments and should be integrated into all community plans and the overall decision-making process

3. Learning Objectives • List references for FEMA hazard mitigation plan requirements • Describe the concept of a safe growth audit and how it can be applied in the local community • Describe ways to integrate hazard mitigation throughout the community’s planning process • List common barriers to integration of hazard mitigation in the planning process

4. HAZARD MITIGATION AND HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNING

5. Key Terminology Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property resulting from hazards FEMA: https://www.fema.gov/what-mitigation

6. REVIEW: Local Planning & Regulations Module 4: Community Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation

7. REVIEW:Structure and Infrastructure Module 4: Community Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation

8. REVIEW:Natural Systems Protection Module 4: Community Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation

9. REVIEW:Education and Awareness Module 4: Community Disaster Risk Reduction and Adaptation

10. Key Terminology Hazard mitigation is any sustained action taken to reduce or eliminate long-term risk to life and property resulting from hazards Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP)is a community-driven, living document that communities use to reduce their vulnerability to hazards FEMA: https://www.fema.gov/what-mitigation

11. Hazard Mitigation Planning Can Inform Local Community Planning

12. Example of How Mitigation Planning Helped Protect a Community “Freeboard Pays Off” Mitigation Best Practices Guide - State of Colorado FEMA Region VIII, September 2014

13. Example of How Mitigation Planning Helped Protect a Community City of Moore, Oklahoma, adopts new building codes based on research and damage evaluation after a tornado

14. Hazard Mitigation Plans • Help establish safer and more resilient development practices and guidelines • Are required as a condition for receiving certain types of non-emergency disaster assistance, including funding for mitigation projects • Guide local governments to take steps in advance to reduce potential disaster damage levels

15. Hazard Mitigation Plans (cont.) • Are most effective when implemented under a comprehensive, long-term mitigation plan • Are key to breaking the cycle of disaster damage, reconstruction, and repeated damage

16. FEMA Local Hazard Mitigation Plan Requirements • Regulations for Local Hazard Mitigation Plans are found in 44 CFR 201.6 • The Local Mitigation Plan Review Guide serves as the official source for defining the requirements of original and updated Local Mitigation Plans [click to access resource]

17. Financing the Development of a Hazard Mitigation Plan Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) is one of several FEMA Hazard Mitigation Assistance funding programs • Provides grants to states, local governments, and Indian tribes for long-term hazard mitigation projects after a major disaster declaration • Can help finance a hazard mitigation plan • Is usually available through a state’s emergency management agency [click for more information]

18. HAZARD MITIGATION PLANNINGResources

19. FEMA, Local Mitigation Planning Handbook • Tool for local governments to use in developing or updating a local hazard mitigation plan to meet 44 CFR §201.6 requirements • Offers practical approaches and examples for how communities can engage in effective hazard mitigation planning [click to access Handbook]

20. Pennsylvania Standard Operating Guide All-Hazard Mitigation Planning Standard Operating Guide • Clarifies existing guidance • Provides communities more opportunities to excel technically in the preparation of Hazard Mitigation Plans [click to access guide]

21. Planning for Hazards: Land Use Solutions for Colorado Provides detailed, Colorado-specific information about how to: • Assess a community’s risk level to hazards and • Implement numerous land use planning tools and strategies for reducing a community’s risk [click to access website] [click to access guide] Module 14: Risk Assessment Basics

22. SAFE GROWTH AUDIT

23. Key Terminology Safe Growth • Goal is to build environments that are safe for current and future generations and to protect buildings, transportation, utilities, and the natural environment from damage Resilience • The capacity to absorb severe shock and return to a desired state after a disaster • It is fostered not only by government, but also by individual, organization, and business actions- Godschalk, David R., et.al. 2009 2004 AICP Symposium, Safe Growth, American Planning Association, 2004. http://www.planning.org/aicp/symposium/2004/

24. SAFE GROWTH AUDIT [click to view video]

25. To Further Define Safe Growth, Consider its Opposite – Unsafe Growth Considering an expected 20-year population growth: • Will the existing future land-use plan put more people in harm’s way? • Will it result in more intense development in known hazard areas? • Will current redevelopment policies increase the amount of property vulnerable to hazard risks? • Will the implementation of the capital improvement program encourage unsafe development proposals by facilitating access to dangerous locations?

26. Safe Growth is an Essential Factor in Community Resilience Safe Growth Principles • Creating a vision of how the community intends to grow in a safe manner • Guiding growth away from high-risk locations • Locating critical facilities outside high-risk zones • Preserving protective ecosystems Source: Planning for Sustainability: 2009 Pennsylvania APA Conference “Safe Growth Audits” by David R. Godschalk, FAIC American Planning Association

27. Safe Growth is an Essential Factor in Community Resilience (cont.) Safe Growth Principles • Retrofitting buildings and facilities at risk in redeveloping areas • Developing knowledgeable community leaders and network • Monitoring and updating safe growth programs and plans Source: Planning for Sustainability: 2009 PA APA Conference “Safe Growth Audits” by David R. Godschalk, FAIC American Planning Association

28. Safe Growth Audit As communities grow and develop, they may become more vulnerable to natural hazards ~ David R. Godschalk, FAICP Safe growth audit is a method to analyze how the full slate of current policies, ordinances, and plans on community safety affects hazard risks due to growth Tornado damage in Salisbury, PA - Liz Roll/FEMA  - 5/31/1998 Flooding on Staten Island, NY – Hurricane Sandy – USGS 11/1/2012

29. Practice Safe Growth Audits Safe Growth Audit Worksheet [click to access resource]

30. INTEGRATING HAZARD MITIGATION INTO LOCAL PLANNING

31. Key Terminology Integration • Plan integration is the process by which communities look critically at their existing planning framework and align efforts with the goal of building a safer, smarter community • Effective integration occurs when it leads to community development patterns that do not increase risks from known hazards, or leads to redevelopment that reduces risk from known hazards Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning: Case Studies and Tools for Community Officialsand Plan Integration: Linking Local Planning Efforts

32. Discussion Question What are some factors that are important for effective integration of hazard mitigation into local planning? For example, strong intergovernmental coordination, especially between emergency management and community planning

33. Factors for Effective Integration A Closer Look at Incentives

34. Effective Incentives for Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning

35. Most Effective Method for Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning • Integrate hazard mitigation goals, objectives, and actions throughout every element of a local comprehensive or general plan • Develop and maintain a hazard mitigation plan as a distinct element to be included in a local comprehensive or general plan Berkeley, California is an example of a community that has done both of these measures.

36. INTEGRATING HAZARD MITIGATION INTO LOCAL PLANNINGResources

37. Plan Integration: Linking Local Planning Efforts A tool developed to help a community: • Analyze local plans to document existing integration • Further integrate hazard mitigation principles and local planning mechanisms [click to access report]

38. Two Primary Ways to Effectively Accomplish Plan Integration • Integrate natural hazard information and mitigation policies and principles into local planning mechanisms and vice versa • Encourage collaborative planning and implementation and inter-agency coordination A Closer Look

39. Two Primary Ways to Effectively Accomplish Plan Integration (cont.) • Integrate natural hazard information and mitigation policies and principles into local planning mechanisms and vice versa • Include information on natural hazards • Identify hazard-prone areas throughout the community • Develop appropriate goals, objectives, policies, and projects

40. Two Primary Ways to Effectively Accomplish Plan Integration (cont.) • Encourage collaborative planning and implementation and inter-agency coordination • Involve key community officials with the authority to execute policies and programs to reduce risk • Collaborate across departments and agencies to help share knowledge and build relationships

41. Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning • Planning Advisory Service Report published by the American Planning Association in partnership with FEMA • Chapter 5: Integrating Hazards into the Implementation Tools of Planning (by David R. Godschalk, FAICP) [click to access report] Module 14: Risk Assessment Basics

42. Goals of Integrating Hazards into Planning Chapter 5: Integrating Hazards into the Implementation Tools of Planning (Godschalk); Hazard Mitigation: Integrating Best Practices into Planning

43. Integrating Hazard Mitigation into Local Planning • Primarily written for community planners • Also helpful in communicating with other local leaders and public officials who have an important role to play in supporting the integration of hazard mitigation with other local planning [click to access report]

44. How to Plan Resilient Communities Through Integration

45. Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning Guide for Local Governments “The best way to integrate mitigation activities is to link the recovery plan with the local hazard mitigation plan” [click to access Guide]

46. Recovery Planning is Closely Aligned with Hazard Mitigation Pre-disaster recovery planning increases resilience by: • Establishing partnerships, organizational structures, communication resources, and access to resources that promote a more rapid and inclusive recovery process • Describing how hazard mitigation underlies all considerations for reinvestment • Laying out a process for implementing activities that will increase resilience • Increasing awareness of resilience as an important consideration in all community activities Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning Guide for Local Governments

47. Planning Prcess Comparison

48. NAI How-To Guide for Planning • Identifies ways a community can incorporate the No Adverse Impact (NAI) concepts into its planning activities • NAI floodplain management takes place when the actions of one property owner are not allowed to adversely affect the rights of other property owners [click to access guide]

49. No Adverse Impact (NAI) Principles No Adverse Impact

50. How to Integrate NAI into Mitigation Planning