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Understanding the Male Reproductive System: Anatomy, Functions, and Physiology

Explore the male reproductive system, including organs like the testis, penis, prostate gland, and their functions in semen production, testosterone secretion, and sperm transport. Learn about spermatogenesis, endocrinology, and key structures like seminal vesicles and epididymis.

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Understanding the Male Reproductive System: Anatomy, Functions, and Physiology

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  1. Male reproductive systemAnatomy and physiology Kristina Njerš Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat

  2. Male reproducitve system,anatomy(MRSA) Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Bulbourethral (Cowper`s) gland Ejaculatory duct Vas (ductus) deferens Urethra Epididymis Testis, Scrotum Penis

  3. Functions of the MRS: 1. Production, retention and transport of semen 2. Production and secretion of testosterone 3. Ejaculation - sperm discharge during intercourse

  4. Testis - in scrotum (27 degrees C) -seminiferous tubules - germ cells - spermatogenesis -Sertoli cells -interstitial cells - Leydig cells - testosterone

  5. Spermatogenesis (3 major parts) mitosis- the multiplication of spermatogonia meiosis- reduction of chromosome number from diploid to haploid spermiogenesis-transformation of spermatid into the spermatozoon Spermatozoa or sperms are first produced at puberty, spermatogenic activity is maintained into old age

  6. The tail Mitochondria - motility Spermatozoon(sperm cell) The head Acrosome - enzyme activity

  7. Sertoli cells • secretory and structural support to the germ cells (spermatogenesis) • create a blood-testis barrier

  8. Endocrinology of male reproduction

  9. Epididymis - upon lateral edge of posterior border of the testis - caput, corpus, cauda - spermatozoa conduit and reservoir - spematozoon gets motilily and fertilizing capacity Vas deferens - in the spermatic cord - scrotal, inguinal, retroperitoneal portions - peristaltic contractions during ejaculation Spermatic cord - connective tissue sheath - contains - ductus deferens, - testicular blood vessels - nerves

  10. Seminal vesicles - posterior to the urinary bladder - alkaline secretion - enhances spermatozoic mobility - energy source (fructose) - most of the volume of ejaculated semen Ejaculatory duct - ductus deferens + seminalvesicleduct Prostate gland - encirclesupper end of urethra - muscular gland - smooth muscle contracts during ejaculation - secretion - helps motlity of sperm Bulbourethral glands (Cowper`s) - below the prostate - secretion - empty into urethra Semen-combination of fluid and spermatozoa (<1%)

  11. Penis - root - body - 3 circular-shaped chambers - sponge-like erectile tissue - vascular sinuses - vasodilatation - erection - glans penis - foreskin (prepuce) - circumcision - nerve endings

  12. Thank you! 

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