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This lecture explores the impacts of slavery on African economic development. It discusses the history of the slave trade in Africa, the reasons why Africa was targeted, and the societal consequences of the slave trade.
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Economics 172Issues in African Economic Development Lecture 16 March 14, 2006
Outline: • Introduction to Part II of the course • Slavery in African history • Impacts of slavery on African economic development (Nunn 2005) Economics 172
Schematic Outline of the Course Economics 172
Schematic Outline of the Course Economics 172
Schematic Outline of the Course Economics 172
Schematic Outline of the Course Economics 172
Slavery in African history • Large numbers of Africans were forcibly enslaved during the 15th-19th centuries, starting with the Portuguese in Congo in the 15th century Economics 172
Map of Africa Economics 172
Slavery in African history • Large numbers of Africans were forcibly enslaved during the 15th-19th centuries, starting with the Portuguese in Congo in the 15th century Atlantic Ocean trade 11-13 million Sahara, Red Sea trade 5 million Indian Ocean trade 2 million TOTAL 18-20 million Economics 172
Map of Africa Economics 172
Slavery in African history • At the peak of the trade in the 18th century, huge numbers of Africans were being captured every year: # people / year (range) 1450-1600 2,500-7,441 1601-1700 13,324-18,680 1701-1800 61,300-97,469 Late 1800s 33,300-50,230 Economics 172
Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? • Location relatively close to the Americas Economics 172
Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? • Location relatively close to the Americas • Pre-existing internal slave networks: in the late 1800s, 18-44% of Africans were slaves of other Africans (based on early European colonial surveys) Economics 172
Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? • Location relatively close to the Americas • Pre-existing internal slave networks • Less military might (e.g., compared to Asia) Economics 172
Why was Africa targeted by slave traders? • Location relatively close to the Americas • Pre-existing internal slave networks • Less military might (e.g., compared to Asia) • Others? Economics 172
What impact of the slave trade on society? • Lower population density less urbanization Economics 172
What impact of the slave trade on society? • Lower population density less urbanization • Strategies to avoid capture lower output Economics 172
What impact of the slave trade on society? • Lower population density less urbanization • Strategies to avoid capture lower output • Shorter time horizons less investment • Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production Economics 172
What impact of the slave trade on society? • Lower population density less urbanization • Strategies to avoid capture lower output • Shorter time horizons less investment • Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production • Radical changes in the nature of political power Economics 172
What impact of the slave trade on society? • Lower population density less urbanization • Strategies to avoid capture lower output • Shorter time horizons less investment • Efforts diverted into slaving, away from production • Radical changes in the nature of political power • Breakdown of social cooperation, cultural changes Economics 172
Whiteboard #1 Economics 172
Whiteboard #2 Economics 172
Whiteboard #3 Economics 172
Whiteboard #4 Economics 172
Whiteboard #5 Economics 172
Map of Africa Economics 172