Unit 6: Slavery and Emancipation

1. Unit 6: Slavery and Emancipation Slavery and Emancipation What are some things people are willing to fight for?

2. Lessons Lesson 1 King Cotton and the Spread of Slavery Lesson 2 Heading Toward War Lesson 3 The Nation Divided by War Lesson 4 The Union Moves Toward Victory Lesson 5 The War Ends

3. How did the South affect the nation’s economy and politics? King Cotton and the Spread of Slavery Lesson 1 Vocabulary slave state free state Missouri Compromise

4. King Cotton and the Spread of Slavery MC 1 In the 1800s cotton was king and the South really depended on it in their economy. MC 2 The economy of the South was based on the labor of enslaved workers. MC 4 The economy of the North was based primarily on industry. Because northern business owners wanted a tax placed on imported goods,MC 5tariffs led to a conflict between the North and the South.

5. King Cotton and the Spread of Slavery Missouri Compromise Missouri applied to join the Union as a slave state. Already 11 slave states and 11 free states Another slave state would upset the voting balance in Congress. MC 3 The Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri to join as a slave state. To balance that Maine was able to join as a free state. FILL The Missouri Compromise was the plan that made a border between the states that allowed slavery and states that did not allow slavery. FILL Slave states were states where slaves were allowed FILL Free states were states where slavery was not allowed.

6. How did the issue of slavery affect the United States? Heading Toward War Lesson 2 Vocabulary abolitionists debate treason secede civil war FILL Debate – a public discussion; usually involves arguing

7. Heading Toward War FILL Abolitionists are people who wanted to end slavery. MC 6 Some famous abolitionists were Frederick Douglass, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and William Llyod Garrison. They spoke out against slavery.

8. Heading Toward War MC 7 The Underground Railroad was a secret network of trails, river crossings, and hiding places to help enslaved people escape to the North. • MC 8 People who traveled on the UR were called passengers. • Conductors were the people who helped enslaved people escape. • Stations were the houses where enslaved people could eat and rest.

9. Heading Toward War MC 9 Some results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act: • the Missouri Compromise was overturned • Violence broke out in Kansas. • The Republican Party was formed. MC 10 The Dred Scott case determined that enslaved workers could be taken anywhere, even free states, and remain enslaved.

10. Heading Toward War John Brown was hung for treason because of what happened at Harper’s Ferry. FILL treason – betraying one’s country After Abraham Lincoln, who took a stand against slavery, won the presidential election of 1860, South Carolina seceded from the Union. FILL secede - withdraw

11. Heading Toward War The Civil War began at Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina, on April 12, 1861. FILL BAT At Ft. Sumter Confederate troops seized the arsenals of the U.S. army on this small island. Not one person was killed. FILL civil war - fighting among people of the same country.

12. How did the challenges of wartime divide the nation? The Nation Divided by War Lesson 3 Vocabulary draft Anaconda Plan total war

13. The Nation Divided by War FILL BAT At the Battle of Bull Run, sightseers followed Union troops to the battlefield. “Stonewall” Jackson became a Confederate hero after an arrival of fresh troops made the Northern troops retreat. Thus, the South won the first major battle of the war.

14. The Nation Divided by War (pgs. 260-261) Strengths of the CONFEDERACY • It planned a defensive war, which is easier for the military to win. • A third of the nation’s officers joined the Confederate army. • It had a strong military tradition. Strengths of the UNION • The North had more than twice the population of the South. • Most of U.S. Navy officers came from the North, and most of the Navy stayed with the North. • 80% of U.S. factories were in the North. • The majority of railroads were in the North. • Almost all firearms were manufactured in the North. • Northern farms grew more food than Southern farms. • Southerners were more skilled in shooting, hunting, and riding. • Soldiers began preparing for war before the attack on Fort Sumter.

15. The Nation Divided by War (pgs. 260-261) Weaknesses of the CONFEDERACY Weaknesses of the UNION • It had less than half the population of the North, and one-third were enslaved people. • It had less money to support the war effort. • It had only one factory making cannons. • Union troops fought mostly in the South, where people were defending their homes. • Long supply lines made it difficult to move quickly. • Many soldiers had little military tradition. • Most Union soldiers had little military training. • Union armies would have to take control of most of the South to bring it back into the Union. • It had half as many miles of railroad track, making it difficult to transport food, weapons, and other supplies.

16. The Nation Divided by War What was the goal of the Anaconda Plan? The goal was to make it difficult for the South to get the supplies it needed for the war. • SA The Anaconda Plan had three parts. • The North would blockade Southern seaports so Southerners could not buy weapons and supplies. • 2. The North would take control of the Mississippi River to divide the South and prevent Confederates from using the river to move supplies. • Union troops would invade the South, squeezing the region from both east and west. …it worked!

17. The Nation Divided by War FILL BAT AtShiloh the North became victorious with a fury of bullets known as “The Hornet’s Nest.” When this battle was over twice as many Americans were dead compared to the entire American Revolution.

18. The Nation Divided by War New technologies: • Railroads and telegraphs changed the way generals made decisions. • Rifles could fire bullets longer distances with greater accuracy. • Mines were used to surprise and kill the enemy. • MC 13 Ironclads made wooden ships seem outdated because cannon balls bounced off the hard metal sides.

19. How did civil war impact life in the United States? The Union Moves Toward Victory Lesson 4 Vocabulary Emancipation Proclamation Gettysburg Address

20. The Union Moves Toward Victory FILL BAT AtAntietamthe Union won but 6,000 soldiers died and 17,000 were wounded. This was the bloodiest day in American history.

21. The Union Moves Toward Victory FILL The Emancipation Proclamation stated that all enslaved people in the Confederacy (South) were emancipated, or free, and changed the ideas about the reasons for fighting the war. MC 14 After the EP, thousands of free African Americans joined the army and navy.

22. The Union Moves Toward Victory MC 15“The Fighting 54th” was an all-volunteer regiment with many African-Americans who fought valiantly despite the Union’s loss. By the end of the war nearly 200,000 African Americans had joined the Union forces.

23. The Union Moves Toward Victory FILL BAT At Vicksburgthe Union won and this gave them control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two.

24. The Union Moves Toward Victory FILL BAT At Gettysburgthe battle took three days. The Union was able to hold their ground after “Pickett’s Charge.” More than 51,000 soldiers were killed or wounded in this small farm town in Pennsylvania. SA At the Battle of Gettysburg, the Confederate army formed a long deep line of 12,000 men and charged the Union lines. The Confederate soldiers charged across an open field almost a mile wide. This was known as Pickett’s Charge. Many soldiers died or were wounded. It was not successful.

25. The Union Moves Toward Victory FILL The Gettysburg Address was a speech that President Lincoln gave in honor of those who died in battle at Gettysburg. MC 16 He said we would always remember the actions of the soldiers who fought on this battlefield and gave their lives. “…the last full measure of devotion… that these dead shall not have died in vain

26. The Union Moves Toward Victory Harriet Tubman • was a conductor on the Underground Railroad • served as a spy, scout, and nurse for the Union MC 17 Clara Barton • served on the battlefield bringing food, medicine, and supplies to the wounded • founded the American Red Cross

27. How did the end of the Civil War change the United States? The War Ends Lesson 5 Sherman’s March assassination

28. The War Ends MC 18 Ulysses S. Grant commanded the Union army and had two main goals: • destroy Lee’s army • capture Richmond

29. The War Ends MC 19 Sherman’s March started with the burning of Atlanta, Georgia and included a 60-mile-wide and 300-mile-long path through Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina with 60,000 troops. SA Atotal waris a type of warfare in which each side strikes against the economic system and civilians of the other side. General Sherman did this to break the South’s fighting spirit.

30. The War Ends What were the effects of the Civil War on the South? The South had few farms left in working condition. Property was destroyed and a way of life ended. One of every four white men was killed. Two-thirds of its wealth was lost. MC 20 On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.

31. The War Ends MC 21 Less than a week after General Lee’s surrender, Abraham Lincoln was assassinated at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.

32. Maps Click on a map to enlarge the view.