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Visualizing Mirrors: Objects, Images, and Reflection

Discover the world of mirrors - from plane to concave and convex mirrors; understand real vs. virtual images, lens/mirror equations, and image defects in concave mirrors. Explore spherical aberration and learn to draw images with precision.

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Visualizing Mirrors: Objects, Images, and Reflection

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  1. Chapter 18Mirrors and Lenses

  2. 18.1 Mirrors • A. Objects and Images in Plane Mirrors. • B. Concave Mirrors. • C. Convex Mirrors

  3. A. Objects and images in Plane Mirrors. • 1. A plane mirror is a flat, smooth surface from which light is reflected by regular reflection. • a. An object is a source of spreading or diverging light rays. • b. The point at which the source appears to be coming from is called the image. • c. A virtual image is one where the rays do not actually converge.

  4. B. Concave mirrors • 1. A concave or “caved in” mirror reflects light from its inner surface. • 2. Real vs. Virtual images. • 3. Real images formed by concave mirrors. • 4. Lens/Mirror equation. • 1/f = 1/di + 1/do

  5. 5. Magnification • m = hi/ho • m = -di/do • Describing a real image • Virtual images formed by concave mirrors • Image defects in concave mirrors • Spherical aberration

  6. C. Convex Mirrors • A convex mirror is a spherical mirror that reflects light from its outer surface. • Focal length of a convex mirror is negative • All images formed are virtual images.

  7. PSS • 1. Choose a scale for your drawing that is approximately the width of your paper. • Locate the image and object locations relative to the mirror. • Choose a scale such that the larger distance is 15 to 20 cm on your paper. • Let 1 cm on the paper represent 1, 2, 4, 5, or 10 actual centimeters.

  8. C f • Draw the principle axis • Draw a vertical line where the principal axis touches the mirror. If the focal point is known, indicate its position on the principal axis.

  9. O1 C f • Draw the object and label its top O1 • Choose a scale for the object that is different than that of the overall drawing because otherwise it may be too small to be seen.

  10. O1 Ray 1 C f • Draw ray 1, the parallel ray. Ray 1 is parallel to the principal axis. All parallel ray to the principal axis are reflected through the focal point.

  11. O1 Ray 1 Ray 2 C f • Draw ray 2, the focus ray. It passes through the focal point, f, on its way to the mirror and is reflected back parallel to the principal axis.

  12. O1 Ray 1 Object Ray 2 Image C f I1 • The image is located where the two rays intersect after reflection. Draw a vertical line from I1 to the principal axis to represent the image.

  13. O O 1 1 Ray 1 Ray 1 Ray 1 Ray 1 Ray 1 Ray 3 Ray 2 Ray 2 Ray 2 Ray 2 Ray 2 Object Object Image Image Image C C C f f f C C I I I I 1 1 1 1 • A third ray may be drawn from the objects top to the center of the mirror which will reflect at the same angle at which it is incident.

  14. Homework • Chapter 18 practice problems 1 – 8.

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