Recurrency/Transition Training

1. Recurrency/Transition Training Tom Johnson CFIG

2. Recurrency/Transition Training • Regulatory Requirements - (FAR 61.56, 61.57, 61.31(j)) • Flight Review • Wings Program (expired) • Endorsements (FAR 61.56, 61.31) • Transition Training Syllabi • Instructor qualifications • Training Goals

3. Currency RequirementsFAR 61.56 • FAR 61.56 - Flight Review • Every 24 calendar months • 1 hour of ground instruction, and • 1 hour, or 3 flights, of flight training • FAR 61.57 - Recent Flight Experience • 3 take-off’s and landings in Category and Class • within 90 days to carry passengers • Night and Tailwheel landings must be to a full stop • Category - airplane, rotorcraft, glider • Class - single engine, multiengine, land, water

4. Flight Review FAR 61.56 • Flight Review is “NOT” a flight test • Note: the words “review” and “training”. inFAR 61.56. • Objective - Train to proficiency • Engage the applicant in the learning process • Have the student evaluate their strengths and weakness • Suggest areas to work on. • Review FAR Part 61 and 91 as appropriate • Use PTS to define standards • Make appropriate logbook entry • Advisory Circular 61.65E Appendix 1

5. Flight Review FAR 61.56 • Who needs a flight review? • Everyone! • (Private, Commercial, ATP, Flight Instructor) • What category/class of aircraft is the review good for? • ALL! • A single flight review covers all ratings • CFI should evaluate the scope of his action.

6. Flight Review FAR 61.56 • Alternative approaches • Obtain a new rating or certificate • New Wings Program • designed to help each pilot construct an educational curriculum suitable for their unique flight requirements. • https://www.faasafety.gov/WINGS/pppinfo/default.aspx

7. Emergency Procedures on Tow • PT3 at various altitudes • Discussion • Pre-flight questioning • What questions would you ask? • In flight questioning • What questions would you ask? • Practice at safe altitude • What is your minimum altitude for training?

8. Emergency Procedures on Landing • What do you do now? • What Emergencies can you have? • Landing Gear INOP • Spoilers INOP • Fouled Deck (for you Navy guys) • Weather • Sick Passenger • Other? • How can you prepare for these situations?

9. Currency vs. Proficiency • Definition of Currency • What is Currency? • Definition of Proficiency • What is Proficiency? • Reasons for lack of Proficiency • Prolonged period of inactivity • Fear of maneuver • Failure to prepare for the flight • Complacency • Other

10. Proficiency or Current?

11. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing • Initial glider towing prerequisites • Holds at least a private pilot certificate with a category rating for powered aircraft • Has logged at least 100 hours of pilot-in-command time in the aircraft category, class, and type, if required, that the pilot is using to tow a glider or • Logged at least 10 flights towing a glider before May 17, 1967

12. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing • Initial training requirements in towplane • Ground & flight training in gliders • Emergency procedures • Ground and air signals • Maximum bank angles • 3 flights, real or simulated tows, • as sole operator of the controls towing a glider while accompanied by a pilot who meets these requirements (61.69, c) • If endorsing pilot has private pilot privileges must meet the requirements of 61.69 (d)(i)(ii) • Appropriate Logbook Endorsements

13. FAR 61.69 – Glider Towing • Annual recurrent training requirements • Within the preceding 12 months • Made at least 3 actual or simulated tows while accompanied by a qualified tow pilot OR • Made at least 3 flights as PIC of a glider being aero-towed

14. Pilot Factors • FAR 61.23 (b) Operations not requiring a medical certificate. A person is not required to hold a medical certificate: (1) When exercising the privileges of a pilot certificate with a glider category rating; So, when I go the glider field with my ATP, do I have to have my medical certificate with me? • FAR 61.53 (b) Operations that do not require a medical certificate. For operations provided for in §61.23(b) of this part, a person shall not act as pilot in command, or in any other capacity as a required pilot flight crewmember, while that person knows or has reason to know of any medical condition that would make the person unable to operate the aircraft in a safe manner. Who can make this decision?

15. Pilot FactorsPractical Aspects • General health issues • Are you fit to fly? • Specific medical conditions • Prescription drugs? • Surgical procedures & recovery • Aging – (can’t hit the fastball anymore) • General trends – what a drag it is getting old • Reduction in motor skills - • Age 70 + • FAA eliminates Age60 rule for airline pilots • Does old age and experience really beat youth and enthusiasm?

16. Club Safety Culture • Institutionalize practices and procedures –Demand ALL pilots actively engage in safe practices • How do we do accomplish that? • Empower any pilot to hold/stop an operation • Encourage dual flying opportunities • Encourage discussion • Club Leadership MUST admit mistakes

17. Types of Transition Training • Adding a new launch method • Aerotow, Ground launch, Self launch • Moving to a higher/lower performance glider • The step down is just as big as the step up! • Additional Glider Rating

18. Types of Transition TrainingAdditional Launch methods • CFI endorsement is all that’s required • Training syllabus so applicant knows what to study (e.g., AC 61-94 for motorgliders) • Ground school to discus new launch procedures • Flight training to practice launch procedure • logbook endorsement to finish process

19. Types of Transition TrainingMoving to a New Glider • Review Pilot Operating Handbook • Assembly/disassembly procedures • Weight and Balance information • Limitations and Speeds • Review aircraft systems • Radio/transponder • Vario/flight computer • GPS • Flight Controls • Canopy and Windows

20. Types of Transition TrainingMoving to a New Glider • Review ground/flight characteristics • Speeds • Tow, Approach & Landing • Thermaling, Inter-thermal cruising • T.O./Landing attitude • effect of tow-hook position • Pilot experience • Log book endorsements • When are endorsements required?

21. Types of Transition TrainingMoving to a New Glider • Prepare plan for 1st flight • Tow height • Basic maneuvers • Stall characteristics in different configurations • Turn coordination exercises • Other maneuvers • Approach and landing considerations

22. Types of Transition TrainingAdditional Category Rating • Adding a Glider rating • Evaluate previous experience • Introduce differences • Launch, Tow, and Release procedures • Soaring procedures • Approach and Landing procedures • Review regulatory requirements

23. Log Book Endorsements • Student pilots • Pre-solo, specify launch procedure • Post-solo • Sign student pilot certificate • Other rated pilots • Log book endorsement only • May not have an explicit expiration date • Sample endorsements • Advisory Circular 61.65E, Appendix 1

24. Training Syllabi • Improves communication between instructor and student • Should include both instructor and student components • Multiple sources available • Publications (FAA, SSA, Knauff, Piggott, Wander) • Internal club/school documents • personally developed

25. Training Syllabi • Does your club have one? • Do you keep a record of ground/flight training? • Where are the records kept and are the records reviewed by student and instructor • Do you have Lesson plans describing the training steps?

26. Training Syllabi • Does your Student know… • where to find the Training syllabus with detailed objectives? • The list of reference material provided for study? • What the Completion standards are? • PTS – Practical Test Standards • Club SOP

27. Training Goals • Ensure applicant reaches correlation stage of learning • Ensure applicant operates glider within defined safety limits • Ensure applicant enjoys the learning experience

28. Serial vs Parallel Tasks • Serial • Sequential events • Time independent • Parallel • Multiple simultaneous events • Time critical

29. Instructor Qualifications • Current and Qualified • Current in appropriate launch procedure • Current in specific aircraft • Proficient in applicable manuvuers and Emergency procedures • Familiar with local area • Are all of these required?