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Citation Indexing ISI Web of Science and Journal Citation Reports. Tracy Matthews Thomson Scientific Tracy.matthews@thomson.com. So , What is a Citation Index?. In addition to standard bibliographic information a citation index includes the cited references of the items indexed.
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Citation IndexingISI Web of Science and Journal Citation Reports Tracy Matthews Thomson Scientific Tracy.matthews@thomson.com
So, What is a Citation Index? • In addition to standard bibliographic information a citation index includes the cited references of the items indexed. • An author implies a subject relationship when he or she cites a work: • “the act of citing is an expression of the importance of the material.” • References serve to essentially replace a controlled vocabulary
Things to Keep in Mind . . . • Authors cite works both to support and to refute them. There are no codes in the ISI database to tell you why an item is cited. • ISI Cited References are not an attempt to re-create a bibliography word for word. 1st listed author’s surname & up to 3 initials • Abbreviated title of the cited work • Volume, starting page, and cited year.
ISI Citation Indexes • Bibliography entry: Wheatley A & Armstrong C. (1997). Metadata, recall, and abstracts: can abstracts ever be reliable indicators of document value? ASLIB Proceedings 49 (8): 206-213. • ISI Cited Reference: WHEATLEY A ASLIB PROC 49 206 1997
Shepardizing • In 1953 Dr. Garfield learns of Shepard’s Citations • Developed in 1873, the oldest major citation index in existence • American legal system is based on precedent • Shepard’s lists the citations to precedents used in cases decided by the courts and federal administrative agencies • Provides a model for how a citation index could be organized into an effective search tool
Pilot Citation Indexes • The multidisciplinary index provided several distinct advantages: • Illuminated the bounds of a particular discipline • Insights into patterns of scholarly communication and journal networks • Revealed the historical development of scientific thought • Indicated the implications and impact of a particular work
ISI Citation Indexes • ISI’s findings compelled them to create the Science Citation Index. • The Social Sciences Index followed in 1973. • The Arts & Humanities Index was introduced in 1978.
Benefits of a Citation Index • Allows searching forward in time. • Take a known paper and find out who is citing it. • Classification terms in subject indexes can be ambiguous. • Citations are bound to concepts instead of vocabulary.
Benefits of a Citation Index • Multidisciplinary Citation Indices allow for serendipitous discovery • A subject-specific index might not have index terms for each concept in a given article. Ex. Space debris
Uses of Citation Analysis • Researcher evaluation • Use as a starting point in promotion and tenure decisions. • Competitive intelligence • Find out what competitors are publishing and citing. • Mapping relationships between subject areas • Bibliometric researchers determine relationships between disciplines.
Macro Citation Analysis • JCR Impact Factor • How often is the typical article from a specific journal cited? • Institutional Journal Use Analysis • Selection, retention, archiving, and storage decisions • Which journals are the faculty at your institution using the most?
Journal/Book acquisition Item Selection and Data Capture Appearance of item in ISI’s products ISI Database Manual Indexing/ Translation (for foreign language journals and some A&H content) Processing Time 1-2 Weeks Database Production and Extraction Scanning & OCR
All Files Article Bibliography Biographical Item Book Review Correction Database Review Editorial Material Hardware Review Letter Meeting Abstract News Item Reprint Review Software Review Arts & Humanities Only Art Exhibit Review Dance Performance Review Excerpt Fiction Creative Prose Film Review Music Performance Review Music Score Music Score Review Poetry Record Review Script Theater Review TV Review Radio Review Document Types
Full Bibliographic Record All author names are indexed and searchable. ISI indexes an author’s complete last name and up to five initials. The complete abstract is indexed and searchable.
Full Bibliographic Record (continued) Author Keywords are indexed when included with the published item. KeyWords Plus are harvested from the titles of the cited articles. Author affiliations are indexed when available with the published item. The reprint author’s address is listed as the first address in the field.
Cited References Cited References in blue are links to full records. (Limited by your subscribed data years.)
Cited References (continued) Cited References in plain text are citations to items outside of your coverage; to items ISI doesn’t index (books, etc.); or to items that have been cited incorrectly by the author (cited reference variants.)