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Astronomy 4230

Astronomy 4230. 天 文 学 概 论 A Brief Course of Astronomy. 张景波 哈尔滨工业大学物理系 哈尔滨市天文爱好者协会 Location: L331 Tel: 86414104 30hours 3hours/times Sunday, 1st-3rd Class Room: A413 http://jinux.hit.edu.cn E-mail:jinux@hit.edu.cn. Lectrure 1 Sky and Cosmos. 宇宙的尺度. 天球. 地平坐标系. 赤道坐标系.

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Astronomy 4230

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  1. Astronomy 4230 天 文 学 概 论 A Brief Course of Astronomy

  2. 张景波 哈尔滨工业大学物理系 哈尔滨市天文爱好者协会 Location: L331 Tel: 86414104 30hours 3hours/times Sunday, 1st-3rd Class Room: A413 http://jinux.hit.edu.cn E-mail:jinux@hit.edu.cn

  3. Lectrure 1 Sky and Cosmos

  4. 宇宙的尺度 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  5. 天球 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  6. 地平坐标系 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  7. 赤道坐标系 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  8. Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  9. 低平高度与纬度的关系 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  10. 星座 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  11. 星座 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  12. 星座

  13. 星座

  14. 猎户座 和 大犬座

  15. 大熊座和北斗七星

  16. 太阳的运动 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  17. 太阳的表面特征 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  18. 黄道十二宫 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  19. 太阳与四季 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  20. 太阳日和恒星日 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  21. 月亮的运动 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  22. 日食和月食 Eclipsis Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  23. Umbra: Inner core of total darkness The disc of the Sun is completely blocked. Penumbra: Outer, partial shadow Sun's disc is only partly blocked, with a bit peeking over the edge. Lunar Eclipses are when the Moon passes through the shadow of the Earth. They only occur during Full Moon when the Earth is between the Moon and the Sun. 月食 Lunar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  24. Umbra 月食原理 Penumbra Earth Sun Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  25. 月食原理 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  26. Total Length of Earth’s Umbra ~1.4 Million km long About 3.7x the mean Earth-Moon distance. Umbra's width at the distance of the Moon 9000 km ~2.6x the Moon's diameter. Lunar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  27. Total Lunar Eclipse: Entire Moon is within the Earth's umbra. Can spend up to 1h 40m in the umbra Whole show can last ~6 hours Partial Lunar Eclipse: Only part of the Moon enters the umbra. Penumbral Eclipse: Moon misses the umbra completely, only passes through the penumbral shadow. Three Types of Lunar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  28. Three Types of Lunar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  29. Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  30. Solar Eclipses occur when the Earth passes through the shadow of the Moon. They only occur during New Moon when the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun. Totality ‘incredibly’ spectacular The Moon's umbra is only 380,000 km long: Just long enough for the tip to touch the Earth. But not large enough to cover the entire Earth. Solar Eclipses seen only where the shadow passes overhead. 日食Solar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  31. Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  32. 日食原理 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  33. Total Solar Eclipse: The observer is inside the Moon's umbra. The Moon completely covers the Sun. Partial Solar Eclipse: The observer is inside the Moon's penumbra. Only see part of the Sun covered by the Moon. Annular Eclipse: The Moon is at or near apogee, and so is too small to cover the Sun The Moon's umbra does not touch the Earth, so observers in the shadow path see the Sun as a ring ("annulus"). Types of Solar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  34. Total Solar Eclipses are localized and short: The Moon's umbral shadow is at most 267 km across on the Earth. Totality lasts at most about 7.5 minutes. Only observers in the umbra see a total solar eclipse. Observers in the penumbra see a partial solar eclipse. Everyone else sees nothing. Total Solar Eclipses Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  35. Eclipses are rare : From a given location on the Earth you see a Total Lunar Eclipse every 3 years (or so). a Total Solar Eclipse every 360 years. Why not : Each full moon = lunar eclipse Each New Moon = solar eclipse ?? Rare Events – Why ? Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  36. Moon’s orbit not perfectly aligned with Ecliptic : ~5° tilt from Ecliptic Where the moon's orbit crosses the Ecliptic defines the "Line of Nodes" Only get eclipses when the line of nodes and the Sun line up at Full or New Moon. Why Eclipses are rare Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  37. Line of Nodes aligns with Sun every 346.6 days. ("Eclipse Year“) But, it must be a Full or New Moon when the nodes line up to have an eclipse. This happens only very rarely. Check out Fred Espenak’s Eclipse page http://sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov/eclipse/eclipse.html The Eclipse Year Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  38. 日地月关系 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  39. 行星的运动 Lecture 1, Astronomy 4230

  40. 水星Mercury

  41. 金星Venus

  42. 地球Earth

  43. 火星Mars

  44. 木星Jupiter

  45. 土星Saturn

  46. 天王星Uranus

  47. 海王星Neptune

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