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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Mayans, Aztecs, and the Incas. Section 1- The Maya. Mesoamerica. Stretches from the central part of Mexico south to include part of northern Central America Basically- Mexico and Central America. Geography and Early Maya. Thick tropical forests Cleared to farm

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Mayans, Aztecs, and the Incas

  2. Section 1- The Maya

  3. Mesoamerica • Stretches from the central part of Mexico south to include part of northern Central America • Basically- Mexico and Central America

  4. Geography and Early Maya • Thick tropical forests • Cleared to farm • Main crop was Maize- Corn • Forest provided resources • Food • Deer, rabbits, and monkey • Building Materials • Trees and other plants • Lived in small villages

  5. The Classic Age • Height of civilization 250-900 AD • 40 Large cities • No single ruler • Linked through trade • Trade routes • Built temples and pyramids • In Palenque, Pacal built a temple to record his achievements

  6. The Classic Age CONT… • Built Canals • Used to get water into places where none existed • Terraces • Turning a hillside into stair steps for farming

  7. Maya Culture • Social Structure • Religion

  8. Social Structure • King • Highest position • Upper Class • Priests, rich merchants, and noble warriors • Lower Class • Everyday people • Did the farming, cooking, cleaning, hunting

  9. Religion • Worshiped Many Gods • Sun god • Moon god • Blood prevented disasters • Sacrifices • Offering of blood- Piercing

  10. Achievements • Observatories • Calendars • 365 • 260 • Writing system • Created amazing works of art

  11. Decline of Maya • Many possible reasons • Lower class rebels • More warfare • Not enough food • Drought • Or even a mix of several of these reasons

  12. Section 2- The Aztecs

  13. Building of an Empire • Farmers who migrated from the north • War was a key factor to rise in Aztec power • Received goods from conquered people • Gold, cotton, food • Huge trade networks

  14. Tenochtitlan

  15. Causeways

  16. Canals and Chinampas

  17. Life in the Aztec Empire • Society • Religion and Warfare • Cultural Achievements

  18. Society • Aztec Emperor- Highest power • Attended to law, trade, tribute, and warfare • Upper class • Tax collectors, judges and government officials • You were born into this class • Upper Middle class- highly respected • Warriors and priests • Middle Class • Merchants and Artisans • Lower class • Farmers and laborers

  19. Religion • Worshiped many gods • Believed to control nature and human activities • Human Sacrifices • Done to please the gods • Most victims captives or slaves • 10,000 a year • An average of 27.39 people a day!!!!!

  20. Cultural Achievements • Art and Beauty • Fine stone pyramids and statues • Used gold, gems, and bright feathers to make jewelry and masks • Embroidered clothing • Knowledge • Astronomy • Historical records • Riddles

  21. Cortes Conquers the Aztecs • Late 1400s the conquistadors arrive in the Americas • Montezuma II cautiously welcomes them • Gives gold and other gifts • Cortez takes him prisoner anyways • Montezuma II killed • Conquistadors driven out • Conquistadors return • Gathered help • Brought better army and weapons • Cannons, armor, swords • Aztecs fall to smallpox

  22. Section 3- The Incas

  23. The Incas Create an Empire • Same time as Aztecs • South America • Begin in small tribe in Andes Mountains • Cuzco became their capital

  24. Central Rule • Did not want conquered people to have to much power • New leaders • Trained children • Official Language • Quechua • All official business had to be done in this language

  25. Well Organized Economy • Strictly controlled • Each household told what to do • Everything went to the empire • Rations were divided by the government

  26. Life in the Inca Empire • Social Division • Religion • Achievements

  27. Social Divisions • Two main classes • Upper Class • Emperor, government officials, and priests • Lived in the best houses • Wore the best clothes • Lower Class • Farmers, artisans, and servants • Plain clothes • By law could not own more than needed

  28. Religion • Rulers related to the sun god • Believed they never really died • Sacrificed animals (lamas)

  29. Achievements • Master builders • Cut stone so well they needed no mortar • Major network of roads • Art • Pots • Gold and silver jewelry

  30. Pizarro Conquers the Incas • Atahualpa went to meet the conquistadors • They attacked • Atahualpa gave them a room of gold • They killed him anyway • Spain took over and ruled for the next 300 years

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