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English and Shakespeare

A Brief History. English and Shakespeare. The people of Britain were made of many groups, including Angles Saxons Jutes Picts Scots Celts Rulers were clan chief. In the beginning . . . Rome Held power over the lower portions of England from around 30 BC to 350 AD

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English and Shakespeare

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  1. A Brief History English and Shakespeare

  2. The people of Britain were made of many groups, including • Angles • Saxons • Jutes • Picts • Scots • Celts • Rulers were clan chief In the beginning . . .

  3. Rome • Held power over the lower portions of England from around 30 BC to 350 AD • When the empire collapsed, local control returned to the native nobility • Clergy stayed, adding a Latin influence to the island First conquers Hadrian’s Wall

  4. Battle of Hastings: October 14, 1066 • Duke of Normandy (William I the Conqueror) • King Harold of the Saxon’s defeated • King Harold was killed during the battle • William I became the first English King The Normans

  5. Normans are “Northmen • Branch of Scandinavians • Normans controlled the northern regions of Europe • Empire stretched from America and Iceland (Vikings) to Russia (Danes) to Italy and Sicily (Normans) • This particular group of Normans came from Normandy, France. • Normans were a more aggressive group of Scandinavians • In 911 AD, William’s ancestors acquired Normandy from France. • They intermarried with English Royalty • William had some legitimate claim to the English throne More on the normans

  6. Feudalism – the government of the day • Three classes of society • Nobility • Clergy • Serfs • Lord – Owner of the land • Vassal – a lower noble who was granted a portion of land in exchange for taxes, agriculture, military service, and loyalty • Fief – the plot of land granted to a vassal Medieval Era EileanDonan Castle

  7. Only about 10% of the people in England would have noticed the change • Serfs were not affected • Clergy were not affected • Nobility was affected – Old English nobility under King Harold of the Saxons replaced with new French nobility under William I the Conqueror After Hastings

  8. Serfs spoke English (mix of Anglo-Saxon (Germanic), Celtic (Gaelic), and Latin) • Clergy spoke Latin • Nobility spoke French • Earlier invaders of England attacked, pillaged, and left • Normans invaded but did not destroy. They accepted a great deal of Anglo Saxon culture Language after Hastings

  9. First census taken of England in 1086 • Purpose was to tax more effectively • Result was that people were taxed more fairly • Country of England prospered Doomsday book Doomsday Book

  10. Plague killed 1/3 of the population of Europe • Gunpowder • Italian Renaissance End of the Feudal Era

  11. The Black Plague

  12. Italian Renaissance began in early 1400’s • Emphasized: literature, the arts, science, religion, politics, classics • Began with an emphasis on reviving learning and studying Greek and Roman literature • Split of Roman empire and fall of western Roman empire: • Byzantium (Eastern Roman Capital became center of Roman learning • Italian Renaissance happened when Muslims took over Constantinople (Byzantium) and renamed it Istanbul • Orthodox Church fell from power, tool all manuscripts (including Greek philosophers) and fled. • Until this reintroduction, only partial manuscripts existed Renaissance Period

  13. Began during reign of Henry VII • Ended 1660 with end of Commonwealth • Great Plague 1665 (Influenza) • Great London Fire 1666 English Renaissance (1500 – 1660) Henry VII

  14. Henry VII • Henry VIII – Luther Reformation 1517, English Reformation 1534 • Edward VI • Mary • Elizabeth I – Shakespeare starts writing • James I – New Bible • Charles I • Oliver Cromwell – Monarchy dissolved and replaced with Commonwealth Monarchs of English Renaissance

  15. Sonnets – Started with Italian Petrarch and Shakespeare • Blank Verse – no rhyme scheme • Pastoral Verse – about Sheppard and folk songs/stories • Example – Spenser • Drama • Iconoclastic – about religion • Popular – about people Literary Aspects of Renaissance

  16. Born April 23, 1564 • (Baptism Records say 4-26-1564) • Holy Trinity Church – Stratford Upon Avon, Warwickshire • Died April 23, 1616 William Shakespeare William Shakespeare

  17. Two Narrative Poems (1593 & 1594) 154 Sonnets – all printed in 1609 37 Plays Rumored 38thArthurian Legend play– Life of Merlin 36 plays published in the first folio Types of Plays: Comedies, Histories, and Tragedies Shakespeare’s works

  18. The First Folio

  19. open air theater where people either stood or paid more to sit in the stands. Scenery was minimal, People went to the play to listen to the words, not watch the movement. Female characters of the time had to be sown into their costumes. Female characters were played by young men whose voice had not begun to change Globe Theater:

  20. Plays at the Globe

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