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Covalent bonding

Covalent bonding. AH Chemistry Unit 1(b). Potential energy diagram. Bond dissociation energy. Bond length (distance between nuclei at minimum energy). Lewis formulae. Dative covalent bonds. Co-ordinate covalent bonds. Writing Lewis formulae.

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Covalent bonding

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  1. Covalent bonding AH Chemistry Unit 1(b)

  2. Potential energy diagram Bond dissociation energy Bond length (distance between nuclei at minimum energy)

  3. Lewis formulae

  4. Dative covalent bonds • Co-ordinate covalent bonds

  5. Writing Lewis formulae • Calculate total valence electrons – for ions, add or subtract electrons accordingly • Write skeleton structure – more electronegative atoms usually surround central atom • Distribute electrons to atoms surrounding central atom • Distribute remaining electrons to central atom

  6. Examples • SCl2 • COCl2 • BF4-

  7. Resonance structures • Represents delocalised bonding • You describe the electron structure of a molecule having delocalised bonding by writingall possible electron-dot formulae

  8. Ozone

  9. Sulphur dioxide

  10. Carbonate ion

  11. Exceptions to the octet rule • BCl3 • PCl5

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