Engineering: Science and Art for Societal Benefit

1. การเตรียมโครงงานวิศวกรรมการเตรียมโครงงานวิศวกรรม 204495

2. หัวข้อ • การเตรียมโครงงาน • การเตรียมหัวข้อโครงงาน • การเลือกอาจารย์ที่ปรึกษา • การเตรียมข้อเสนอโครงงาน

3. วิศวกรรมคืออะไร? • ความหมายโดยทั่วไป • วิศวกรรมคือศาสตร์และศิลป์การประยุกต์ใช้หลักวิทยาศาสตร์และคณิตศาสตร์ตลอดจนสามัญสำนึกเพื่อการออกแบบและสร้างสรรค์งาน • วิศวกรจะตั้งคำถามว่าทำใมสิ่งหนึ่งๆจึงทำงานได้และทำได้อย่างไร • วิศวกรใช้หลักวิทยาศาตร์ที่อธิบายและทำความเข้าใจในกายภาพของสิ่งต่างๆและหาสร้างสรรค์คำตอบเพื่อประโยชน์แก่สังคม • Engineering is the science and art of applying scientific and mathematical principles, experience, judgment, and common sense to design things that benefit society. Engineers are fascinated by questions of how and why things work. They use their training in mathematics, physics, and chemistry to understand the physical world and develop creative solutions to societies complex needs. • Engineers may be designers, planners, managers, analysts, researchers, consultants, sales specialists, and more. Engineering graduates find they have many career possibilities open to them. • Do you enjoy solving problems? Do you like science and mathematics? Is the challenge of applying your knowledge to real-life situations an exciting one? If so, a career in engineering may be right for you.

4. Engineering Jobs function • Science Teach Spectrum • But …Engineering graduates are also well prepared to enter many fields, such as business, medicine, or law

5. What is Computer Engineering • The Computer Engineering Program is based on a balanced mixture of fundamental courses from computer engineering, computer science and electrical & electronic engineering. The Program is an essential building block of the rapidly growing field of Information Technology. This program offers a Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering degree, which is a four-year program. • A Bachelor of Science student in computer engineering is a key person in today and tomorrow's society. Our society is presently and increasingly will be based on systems employing computers. A computer scientist creates systems based on software and hardware, without forgetting the non-technical needs and abilities of the individual. The program will help students to choose their future occupation from many different working areas, for example, development of software systems or the design of hardware • Computer engineers design and implement computer hardware and software systems to solve a variety of problems in such diverse areas as communications, manufacturing, robotics, computer graphics, databases, and many others. A computer engineer might be involved in fundamental research, hardware design and fabrication, software creation, or systems integration.

6. More Def • A. M. Wellington (1887) • It would be well if engineering were less generally thought of . . . as the art of constructing. In a certain important sense it is rather the art of not constructing . . . of doing that well with one dollar which any bungler can do with two after a fashion. • S. E. Lindsay (1920) • Engineering is the practice of safe and economic application of the scientific laws governing the forces and materials of nature by means of organization, design, and construction, for the general benefit of mankind. • J. A. L. Waddell, Frank W. Skinner, Wessman (1933) • Engineering is the science and art of efficient dealing with materials and forces . . . it involves the most economic design and execution . . . assuring, when properly performed, the most advantageous combination of accuracy, safety, durability, speed, simplicity, efficiency, and economy possible for the conditions of design and service. • Vanevar Bush (1939) • Engineering. . . in a broad sense. . . is applying science in an economic manner to the needs of mankind. • T. J. Hoover and J. C. L. Fish (1941) • Engineering is the professional and systematic application of science to the efficient utilization of natural resources to produce wealth. • L. M. K. Boelter (1957) • Engineers participate in the activities which make the resources of nature available in a form beneficial to man and provide systems which will perform optimally and economically. • John C. Calhoun, Jr. (1963) • It is the engineer's responsibility to be aware of social needs and to decide how the laws of science can be best adapted through engineering works to fulfill those needs. • The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (1982) • Engineering is the profession in which a knowledge of the mathematical and natural sciences, gained by study, experience, and practice, is applied with judgment to develop ways to utilize, economically, the materials and forces of nature for the benefit of mankind. • A Typical Legal Definition of Engineering • "Professional engineer", within the meaning and intent of this act, refers to a person engaged in professional practice of rendering service or creative work requiring education, training and experience in engineering sciences and the application of special knowledge of the mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences in such professional or creative work as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning or design of public or private utilities, structures, machines, processes, circuits, buildings, equipment or projects, and supervision of construction for the purpose of securing compliance with specifications and design for any such work. • The Profession's Definition of an Engineer • A professional engineer is competent by virtue of his fundamental education and training to apply the scientific method and outlook to the solution of problems and to assume personal responsibility for the development and application of engineering science and techniques especially in research, designing, manufacturing, superintending, and managing. An engineer is a person qualified by aptitude, education, and experience to perform engineering functions.

7. A famous engineer once said “Scientists discover what is, but engineers create what has never existed...”  There are links between science and engineering - engineers and scientists both use their knowledge of math and science to solve problems.  Preparation for a career in either field involves taking a lot of math and science classes. But, it is not necessary to “ace” all of your math and science classes, or even enjoy all of them, to successfully prepare for a career in either science or engineering.

8. “Scientists discover what is, but engineers create what has never existed.” • —Professor Theodore von Karman, originator of the Jet Propulsion Lab

9. Aspect • A Blend of Art and Science • Engineering is a blend of art and science. It calls for the systematic application of knowledge and skill according to a set of rules. Engineering requires ingenuity, craftsmanship, and judgment in adapting scientific knowledge to practical purposes. A principle engineering activity is problem solving. The engineering method of problem solving involves a clear statement of the problem and a list of necessary assumptions, the creation of a concept or device or system that appears to meet the specified need, an analysis of the situation based on established principles, a careful checking of the results, and a set of conclusions or recommendations based on the facts. On the basis of limited information, the engineer must often design for the unknown future. The ability to arrive at an original and creative solution and predict its performance and cost is an attribute of the modern professional engineer. • Uses Applied Science • Science represents a body of accumulated, established, and systematized knowledge. Engineering is based on the fundamental sciences of physics, chemistry, and mathematics. These basic sciences are extended into engineering sciences such as materials science, mechanics, thermodynamics, and electrodynamics. The word "science" is derived from the Latin word scire, which means "to know." In contrast, the function of the engineer is "to do". The scientist is concerned with adding to the store of knowledge. The engineer brings science to bear on practical problems; the engineer is a person of action. The engineer uses science, but is not limited to scientific knowledge. No one knows exactly how and why materials behave as they do, but, using empirical data, the engineer is able to design efficient and safe structures. • Utilization of Natural Resources • Engineering involves the utilization of natural resources. Some natural resources are renewable; others may soon be exhausted. The engineer must be concerned with conservation, which means more than "not using." True conservation requires continual development of new resources as well as efficient utilization of present ones. Resources include natural material and energy. • Purpose is to Benefit Mankind • Engineering has as it's ultimate purpose the benefit of mankind. An engineer should not receive complete satisfaction from the skillful solution of a technical problem. The contributions of the engineer have political, social, and aesthetic implications far beyond the immediate technical results. A dam to harness the energy of a river in a remote canyon may flood a wilderness area that plays an important role in people's total existence. An efficient and cheap automobile engine that reduces the energy problem may spoil the environment by polluting the air. An engineer must be concerned with all aspects and consequences of the work performed.

10. Professional • What is a Profession? • Engineering is a profession, but what is a profession? The occupations commonly referred to as professions include law, medicine, ministry, teaching, architecture, and engineering. The vocations have some common characteristics: • Associated with a profession is a great body of special knowledge. • Preparation for a profession includes training in applying that knowledge. • The standards of a profession are maintained at a high level through the force of organization or concerted opinion. • Each member of a profession recognizes his or her responsibilities to the public over and above responsibilities to clients or to other members of the profession. • Certainly engineering qualifies as a profession on all four counts. The various registration acts justify the legal recognition of the engineering profession: • "... in order to safeguard life, health, property, and public welfare." • Certainly all engineering work must meet the test: • Will it be of benefit to human beings?

11. Most objective • The purpose of the Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering degree is to provide an academic based program that rigorously explores issues and topics related to the analysis, design and implementation of Computer tools involving hardware and software.

12. What do Engineers do? • Engineers work to design, make, and improve things to solve problems and benefit society. They do a wide variety of work, from designing and building bridges to making business deals and researching new methods of making things.

13. How different is computer engineering and computer science • The Master's in computer engineering and computer science are quite different. Let us begin with the definition of engineering. Engineering is the application of science for the design, building, and use of machines. For example, electrical engineering deals with electrical machines, and computer engineering deals with computing machines. • The programs for the study of computers basically come in two flavors: computer engineering and computer science. The two fields overlap but the basic difference is that computer engineering has a greater focus on the computer hardware and computer science has a greater focus on computer software. Either way, you would work a lot with computers. • Computer hardware is the physical computers and computing machines. Thus, computer engineering deals with computer design. You would study the design, construction, and testing of computing machines and systems. You would also learn computer communications and networking, including the Internet. You would also learn computer software, but not to the extent you would learn if you were pursuing computer science. This is where the overlap with computer science comes in. • Computer software refers to the programs that make the computer hardware function. Windows 98 is an example of a program, called the operating system, which makes your PC behave in a particular way. Microsoft Word, Netscape Navigator, and ICQ are examples of programs, which are also called applications. Applications exploit the behavior of the computer, after the operating system has been installed, to perform certain functions in a particular and desired fashion. Computer programs are written in many languages, such as C++, Visual Basic, Java, etc. A computer science program will teach you algorithms and techniques for creating these applications. You will also learn some of the basics of computer hardware, which is thus an overlap with computer engineering. But your main interaction with computers will be more as a user and code developer than as a builder of physical devices; that is, you will be trained to be a programmer, not a manufacturer. • Due to the nature of the programs, the requirements for pursuing a Master's in computer engineering and computer science are quite different. For an MS in computer engineering, you need a 4-year bachelor's degree in computer engineering or related field. The MS in computer science in the US requires a bachelor's degree or a combination of Bachelor's and Master's for a 4-year college studies in any discipline. Typically, if such education were not in computer science, you would be required to do one additional year of studies. This "pre-MS" is focused on learning the basics of computer science, before you can start taking classes in the formal MS computer science program. This is general guidance; however, each school has its own unique entrance requirements and program. You should visit its website or study its prospectus to learn the specifics. • The iMahal Education Section offers lists of colleges and universities in various countries. It also includes colleges rankings. You may wish to use the iMahal College Finder to identify colleges that best match your performance and personal needs.

14. How is software engineering different from computer science • You are probably referring to: • Which is better: computer science or engineering? • What are the differences between engineering and computer science? • In these earlier columns, we addressed the similarities and differences between computer science and engineering. In a nutshell, computer science focuses more on programming and software and computer engineering focuses more on the hardware and systems design. The fact is that software is becoming a larger part of computer systems. It is becoming complicated and requires large teams of programmers and years to develop. Consequently, the discipline of software engineering has emerged. Software engineering focuses on the design, analysis, and management of large-scale software systems. Some examples of specialized courses include: real-time systems, human-computer interaction, managing the software process, and the economic and organizational environment of software systems. • Here is another way to look at it: • Computer engineering is about building computers. • Computer science is about programming computers. • Software engineering is about assembling large programs. • It is a simplistic view of the differences, but it might help you envision the type of training and work involved in each discipline. • Which one of the three programs - computer science, computer engineering and software engineering - is right for you depends on your personal goals, ambitions, and interests.

15. How do you know if you would like engineering: • Do you like puzzles and problem solving?Do you like math and science?Do you like taking things apart or putting things together?Are you creative and do you like to think of new ways to do things?

16. Desired Attributes of Engineers • The Engineering programs at DU are designed to develop forteen specific attributes in their graduating engineers, described in this section. These attributes then become the engineering program objectives.  When you graduate you should be competent, at the levels described in the link below (program outcomes), in each of the attributes (objectives). • สิ่งที่ต้องเตรียม • หัวข้อ • อาจารย์ที่ปรึกษา • ความรู้พื้นฐาน • ความรู้เพิ่มเติม • ข้อมูลสนับสนุนและประกอบ • แผนงาน

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18. Code of Ethics