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Distributed Engineering Services

Explore the evolution of engineering software and integration in the A/E/C industry, the impact of internet and mobile tech in enhancing engineering services, and the emergence of distributed engineering using web services technologies.

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Distributed Engineering Services

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  1. Distributed Engineering Services Professor Kincho H. Law Engineering Informatics Group Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 (E-mail: law@stanford.edu) 2nd International Symposium on Life-Cycle Science and Engineering CALS/EC: Continuous Acquisition and Lifecycle Support/Electronic Commerce Kansai University, Osaka, Japan May 19, 2005

  2. Traditional Software tools in AEC • Engineering software (structural analysis, surveying, CPM, etc.) : 1950’s – 1960’s • Graphics software tools (GUI, drafting, FEM, etc.): 1960’s-1970’s • Practice and deployment of CAD and project management Tools in A/E/C: 1980’s (Autodesk, Bentley Systems, Primerava, Timberline, etc..) Software are typically standalone programs!

  3. Islands of Automation CAD Tools Engineering Analysis Tools ? Design Tools Project Management Tools Much remain in current practice!

  4. Integration Integration Coding Coding 1970 1970 1990 1990 2010 2010 Paradigm Shift in Software Development Courtesy of Professor Gio Wiederhold

  5. IT Developments in AEC • Engineering software (structural analysis, surveying, CPM, etc.) : 1950’s – 1960’s • Graphics software tools (GUI, drafting, FEM, etc.): 1960’s-1970’s • Practice and deployment of CAD and Project management Tools in A/E/C: 1980’s (Autodesk, Bentley Systems, Primerava, Timberline, etc..) • Data-centric management - information and software integration: (late 1980’s) 1990’s – 2000’s (Black and Veatch, Bechtel, Flour)

  6. Software Integration(Traditional Approach) Analysis CAD Tool New Tool Project Management Tool Design Interface(s) are developed between every pair of applications

  7. Analysis CAD Tool Centralized New Tool Database Common Interface Design • Software Integration(Traditional Approach) Project Management Tool Common interface, database are built for applications in similar domains

  8. Integration Issue CAD Tools Engineering Analysis Tools Semantics? Design Tools Project Management Tools

  9. Data Exchange Standards Product Data Technologies (DBMS, OO systems, STEP-tools) Application CAD Tool Data Exchange Kernel Application CAD Tool Data Exchange Standards (IGES, STEP, IFC, CIS/2, XML, PSL ...) Domain specific standards provide product data level semantics

  10. Communication Infrastructure • Internet “Dot Com” frenzy was over! • But Internet is well and alive! • However, current use of Internet remains mostly for web portals, information access • Wireless technology spreads rapidly How can the Internet and mobile technology (served as communication infrastructure) enable and enhance engineering services?

  11. Presentation • Use of communication technologies to provide: • Universal Accessibility of Engineering Services • Integration and Coordination of Engineering Services • Illustrative Examples: • Internet-Enabled Engineering Services • Project Management • Wireless Sensing and Monitoring Services • Monitoring of Civil Infrastructures • Others:Engineering Analysis, Earthquake Experiments, Design Compliance • Other Emerging Applications

  12. I: Internet-Enabled Distributed Engineering (Project Management) Services

  13. Motivation

  14. Paradigm Shift in Software Development Software Integration: Distributed Engineering (Web) Services

  15. Emergence of Enabling Technologies • Communication Protocols: • CORBA: Common Object Request Broker Architecture • DCOM: Microsoft’s Distributed Common Object Model • RMI: Java Remote Method Invocation • SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol • Information Exchange, Web Services Standards: • XML, RDF, OWL: • DAML: DARPA Agent Markup Language • WSDL: Web Services Definition Language • BPEL4WS: Business Process Execution Language for Web Services Emergent Technologies : Semantic Web, Grid Computing

  16. Coordination and Integration for Ubiquitous Access Communication Devices Mediators (content and access), DBMS, Information Exchange (PSL, IFC, XML, …) Engineering Services

  17. Composition of Web Services • Drawbacks of current service composition frameworks: - Interface incompatibility, global heterogeneous - Performance deficiency with centralized data flow • Service composition framework for engineering Services: - Service Composition and Integration (Scalability and Performance): • Distributed Data Flow and Active Mediation - Service Specification and Execution (Ease of composition): • Simulation Access Language - Data Interoperability: • XML (for product data), PSL (for process data)

  18. Control-flow Mega Mega Data-flow Service Service Service Service Service Service 1 3 1 3 Service Service 2 2 (a) Centralized Data-flow Model (b) Distributed Data-flow Model Distributed Data Flow • Separate control flow and data flow • Use direct data transmission to improve system performance • Provide tools for composing software services • Investigate techniques for performance optimization

  19. Information Application Specific Composed Client Code Application Client Access Autonomous Service Interface Access Protocol Autonomous Domain Specific Service Mediator Code Wrapper Application Specific Source Access Interface Interface Source Specific Information Software Code Source Application (a) Mediation (b) Autonomous Service Layered Design of Mediation Data Service Model Process Service Model

  20. Process Service Metamodel : 4-sided wrappers • Service Core • Provide service functionalities • Wrap software applications • Two Data Queue Containers • Handle I/O data • Enable distributed data-flows • Two Process Event Queues • Handle inquiries & issue requests • Support asynchronous invocations • Form control-flows • Composed Service Controller • Coordinate execution of composed service

  21. Composed Application Mobile Appl. Service Service Service Service Service Wrapper Wrapper Wrapper Wrapper Wrapper Software Software Software Software Software Service Service Service Service Service Centralized Control Flow and Distributed Data Flow Control flows Result Centralized Control Flow Request Distributed Data Flow Data flows

  22. Invocation1 Invocation2 B A Invocation3 C Invocation4 D Planning Distributed Data Flows Invocation1 = Service1.INVOKE(); Invocation2 = Service2.INVOKE(); A = Invocation1.EXTRACT(); B = Invocation2.EXTRACT(); Invocation3 = Service3.INVOKE(A, B); C = Invocation3.EXTRACT(); Invocation4 = Service4.INVOKE(C) D = Invocation4.EXTRACT();

  23. Event Dependency Graph: Current Technology- Combined control and data flows Service 1 Mega Service Service 2 Service 3 Service 4 Centralized Data Flow

  24. Event Dependency Graph: FICAS Model - Distinct Control and Data Flows Service 1 Mega Service Service 2 Service 3 Service 4 Distributed Data Flow

  25. Active Mediation: Services for composition

  26. Processes are shipped also: Mobile Class /* A mobile class for type conversion */ public class int2float implements MobileClass { public DataElement execute(Vector params) { DataElement arg = (DataElement) params.firstElement(); int val = arg.getIntValue(); return new DataElement().setValue( new Double(val).doubleValue()); } } • Mobile Class • Java-based and reusable • Perform complex computations • Usage of Mobile Class • Arithmetic operation • Relational operation • Data aggregation and abstraction • Type conversion No requirement for standard processes, only for a standard wrapper interface /* Usage of mobile class */ floatnum = MCLASS("int2float", num)

  27. Control-flow Data-flow Mobile Class for Type Mediation: Resolves format inconsistencies S3-S6 M M S3 S6 S3 S6 T6 T3 T6 mobile class Tg_T6 T3_Tg Tg_T6 Tg mobile class T1_Tg (b) FICAS: Type Mediation by Mobile Classes • Conventional: • Type Brokers as • Distinct Services

  28. Placement of Mobile Class code can be optimized mobile class FILTER S3 S3 S3 1 1 1 A Mega Mega Mega 2 B FILTER A service service service 2 3 2 B S6 S6 S6 mobile class FILTER (a) Placing FILTER at S3 (b) Placing FILTER at S6 (c) Using an autonomous service Service Data-flow Invocation

  29. Impact of Mobile Class Placement Mobile class is more efficient than (centralized data) web service Mobile class placement affects performance of composed service

  30. Active Nodes Request Concept of Active Mediation Active Mediatiion Layer ResultObject Request + Active Nodes ActiveObject Source Query

  31. Services Specification and Execution:Simulation Access Language • A Simple Easy-to-Use High-Level Language • Coordinating Services and Managing Information Flow • Simulating and Comparing Scenarios • Major Components • Invocation Statements (SETUP, INVOKE) • Operation Statements (QUERY, UPDATE) • SELECT, to query information from the simulation results • SET, to update project models in simulation tools • DELETE, to delete objects in project models • INSERT, to insert objects in project models • Control Statements (IF-THEN-ELSE, WHILE) • Decision-support Statements (SCENARIO CREATION, SCENARIO COMPARISION, etc.)

  32. AutoCAD MS Project Desktop PC ADT Laptop Primavera MS Excel P3 RFI's Online Information Submittals ( e.g., Weather Forecasting and Price Quoting) 4D Viewer Timberline Vite CostWorks SimVision PDA Server Putting it together – Illustrative Examples FICAS: Flow-Based Infrastructure for Composition of Autonomous Services

  33. Example Application 1:Universal (Ubiquitos) Access of Project Services 4D Model Taken on 3/25/2001 From 4DViewer

  34. Review Schedule on Primavera

  35. Review Schedule on Microsoft Project

  36. View Schedule with Palm Pilot http://med...!! History SCHEDULE Review the schedule and make appropriate updates by changing the value in duration: SCHEDULEID STARTDATEDURATION 18T1-33201 01-31-2001 1.…………………….. Update 18T1-33241 02-01-2001 http://med...!! History SCHEDULE Review the schedule and make appropriate updates by changing the value in duration: SCHEDULEID STARTDATEDURATION 18T1-33201 01-31-2001 1.…………………….. Update 18T1-33241 02-01-2001

  37. Modifying Schedule on Palm Pilot http://med...!! History SCHEDULE Review the schedule and make appropriate updates by changing the value in duration: SCHEDULEID STARTDATEDURATION 18T1-33201 01-31-2001 40…………………….. Update 18T1-33241 02-01-2001 http://med...!! History SCHEDULE Review the schedule and make appropriate updates by changing the value in duration: SCHEDULEID STARTDATEDURATION 18T1-33201 01-31-2001 40…………………….. Update 18T1-33241 02-01-2001 Change duration of activity 18T1-33201 (“Erect Roof Elem 1”) From 1 day to 40 days

  38. Invoke (Rescheduling) Megaservice Service Composition

  39. Review Modified Schedule on Primavera

  40. Review Modified Schedule in Excel Actual Change

  41. Review Modified Design on 4D Viewer 4D Model Taken on 3/25/2001 From 4DViewer

  42. Review Modified Schedule on Microsoft Project

  43. Review Changed Activities in Desktop Browser Actual Change Affected Activities

  44. Example Application 2: Incorporating Online (Weather) Information Workflow in the Weather Demonstration

  45. Embedded Program Segment within Excel

  46. Services Integration Weather Reports Impact of Weather Information View the Impact on Schedule View the Impact on Task Backlogs

  47. Example Application 3: Integrating CAD and Scheduling Tools as Web Services Project Schedule in P3 3D Model in AutoCAD Change Schedule on a Browser View 3D Model on a Specified Date

  48. Integrating CAD and Scheduling Tools as Web Services View the impact of schedule changes through CAD model on a Web browser View the impact of schedule changes through CAD model in AutoCAD

  49. II. Wireless Sensing and Monitoring

  50. Advanced Sensing Technology for Autonomous SHM: Rapid, accurate, low-cost Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) • S. Chase (2001), National Bridge Inspection Program (NBIP): Nearly 60,000 bridges in U.S. evaluated as structurally deficient. • Over 580,000 highway bridges in U.S. mandated by Federal Highway Administration for biannual evaluations. Human Visual Inspection: resource consuming; visible damages only

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