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Learn about the formation of the Republican Party and the Supreme Court's ruling in the Dred Scott case, along with the main issues in the Lincoln-Douglas debates and John Brown's attack on Harpers Ferry.
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Copy these Study Questions on NB-80. • What issues led to the creation of the Republican Party? • What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case? • What was the main issue in the Lincoln–Douglas debates? • Why did John Brown attack the arsenal at Harpers Ferry? • How did John Brown’s attack on Harpers Ferry increase tensions between the North and the South?
Section 15.3a – Slavery Dominates Politics Today we will explain why the Republican Party was formed and summarize the effects of the Dred Scott case.
Vocabulary • summarize – give a brief version • case – court proceedings or trial • Republican Party – political party formed in 1854 to oppose slavery • unconstitutional – illegal because it violates the Constitution
Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • How would you summarize your day so far? • What does it mean if the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional?
What We Already Know The Whigs and Democrats were the two major political parties of the 1840s and 50s.
What We Already Know • There were other minor parties as well, such as the anti-immigrant Know-Nothings.
What We Already Know • There were other minor parties as well, such as the anti-immigrant Know-Nothings. • The Free Soil Party had been formed to stop the spread of slavery into new territories.
What We Already Know The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to widespread violence on the plains in 1854.
The Republican Party Forms • Created out of the problems caused by the Kansas–Nebraska Act • The Whig Party split; Northern Whigs joined Free Soilers and other slavery opponents • Gained strength in the North as the Democrats were blamed for the violence in Kansas.
What was the Republican Party’s main goal? To end slavery everywhere in America To return all blacks to Africa To stop the spread of slavery into the territories To bring Canada and Mexico into the United States
17. What issues led to the creation of the Republican Party? Choose all that are true!
17. What issues led to the creation of the Republican Party? Northern Whigs leaving their party to join with other opponents of slavery Opposition by James Buchanan to the Wilmot Proviso The emergence of Abraham Lincoln Problems caused by the Kansas Nebraska Act Choose all that are true!
Republican Candidate John C. Frémont • First Republican presidential nominee • Young, handsome, national hero for his explorations in the West • Favored admitting both California and Kansas as free states. • Had no controversial record to defend.
The Election of 1856 • Democrat nominee James Buchanan had taken no stand on the Kansas–Nebraska Act. • Buchanan said little about slavery; his goal was to maintain the Union. • He appealed to Southerners, the border states, and Northerners who were fearful of a civil war.
The Election of 1856 • The Know-Nothing Party nominated former president Millard Fillmore (1850-53), but were divided over slavery.
The Election of 1856 Election results showed how strong the Republican Party was in the North, and that the nation was sharply split over slavery.
Who were the candidates in the 1856 presidential election? • Douglas of the Free Soil Party • Fremont of the Republican Party • Buchanan of the Democratic Party • Fillmore of the Know-Nothing Party
What did the election results in 1856 reveal? • Party differences were less sharply defined that in earlier elections. • The influence of the Republican Party was declining in the North. • The influence of the Democratic Party was declining in the South. • The nation was sharply split over slavery.
The Case of Dred Scott • Dred Scott was a slave whose owner took him to live in free territories, then returned to Missouri, a slave state. • After his owner’s death, Scott sued for his freedom, but the Supreme Court ruled against him.
Chief Justice Taney‘s Ruling • As a Negro, Scott was not a U.S. citizen and could not sue in U.S courts. • Slaveholders’ property rights were protected by the Fifth Amendment. • Congress could not ban slavery anywhere, including the territories.
Chief Justice Roger Taney‘s Ruling • This decision made the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional. • Southerners cheered the Court’s decision, while Many Northerners were outraged, but powerless.
18. What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case? Choose all that are true!
18. What was the Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott case? • As a slave, Dred Scott was not a U.S. citizen. • Only Congress could restrict the movement of slaves into the territories. • Dred Scott was no longer a slave. • Slave-owners could take their slaves everywhere, including free states and territories. • The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. Choose all that are true!
What consequences did the Dred Scott decision have for free blacks?
What consequences did the Dred Scott decision have for free blacks? The Supreme Court ruled that all blacks could be taken into slavery. The Supreme Court ruled that free blacks were not American citizens. Free blacks were granted the right to vote in state elections. Free blacks who gained their freedom by escaping to the North could now be returned to slavery.
