Boundless Lecture Slides

1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. The Nature and Function of Congress Congress Organization of Congress The Legislative Function of Congress The Budgeting Function of Congress ] The Oversight Function of Congress Congress Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. Congressional Elections Congress(continued) How Congressmen Decide ] Congress Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. Congress > The Nature and Function of Congress The Nature and Function of Congress • The House of Representatives • The Senate • The House and the Senate: Differences in Responsibilities and Representation • The Legislative Function • The Representation Function • Service to Constituents • The Oversight Function • The Public-Education Function of Congress • The Conflict-Resolution Function Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/the-nature-and-function-of-congress-76/

7. Congress > Organization of Congress Organization of Congress • Party Leadership in the House • Party Leadership in the Senate • Bicameralism • Legislative Agendas • The Committee System • The Staff System • The Caucus • Congressional Districts Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/organization-of-congress-77/

8. Congress > The Legislative Function of Congress The Legislative Function of Congress • How a Bill Becomes Law • Committee Deliberation • Debate • Conference Committee • Presidential Action Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/the-legislative-function-of-congress-78/

9. Congress > The Budgeting Function of Congress The Budgeting Function of Congress • The Budgeting Process • Preparing the Budget • The Election Year Budget • Budget Resolutions • Authorization and Appropriation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/the-budgeting-function-of-congress-79/

10. Congress > The Oversight Function of Congress The Oversight Function of Congress • Investigation • Oversight • Advice and Consent • Impeachment and Removal from Office • Senate Confirmation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/the-oversight-function-of-congress-80/

11. Congress > Congressional Elections Congressional Elections • Eligibility of Congressmen • The Power of Incumbency • Congressional Terms and Term Limits • Candidates for Congressional Elections Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/congressional-elections-81/

12. Congress > How Congressmen Decide How Congressmen Decide • Political Parties • Constituency • Interest Groups, Lobbyists, and PACs • Switching Parties Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/political-science/textbooks/boundless-political-science-textbook/congress-11/how-congressmen-decide-82/

13. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

14. Congress Key terms • adjournTemporarily ending an event with intentions to complete it at another time or place. • adjournTemporarily ending an event with intentions to complete it at another time or place. • amendTo make a formal alteration in legislation by adding, deleting, or rephrasing. • amendmentAn addition to and/or alteration to the Constitution. • apportionTo divide and distribute portions of a whole. • apportionmentIt is the process of allocating the political power of a set of constituent voters among their representatives in a governing body. • apportionmentThe act of apportioning or the state of being apportioned • appropriationPublic funds set aside for a specific purpose. • appropriationPublic funds set aside for a specific purpose. • appropriationPublic funds set aside for a specific purpose. • appropriationsIn law and government, appropriation (from Latin appropriare, "to make one's own," later "to set aside") is the act of setting apart something for its application to a particular usage to the exclusion of all other uses. It typically refers to the legislative designation of money for particular uses in the context of a budget or spending bill. • authorizationPermission, possibly limited, to spend funds for a specific budgetary purpose. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. Congress • bicameralHaving, or pertaining to, two separate legislative chambers or houses. • bicameralHaving, or pertaining to, two separate legislative chambers or houses. • bicameralHaving, or pertaining to, two separate legislative chambers or houses. • bipartisanrelating to, or supported by two groups, especially by two political parties • budgetThe amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity, or time-frame. • budgetThe amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity, or time-frame. • budgetThe amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity, or time-frame. • budget deficitthe difference between government revenues and spending, in which the government is spending more than it's earning • budget resolutionIn the United States Congress, a budget resolution is a legislation in the form of a concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget. The budget resolution establishes various budget totals, allocations, and entitlements. It may include reconciliation instructions to designated House or Senate committees. • budget resolutionIn the United States Congress, a budget resolution is a legislation in the form of a concurrent resolution setting forth the congressional budget. The budget resolution establishes various budget totals, allocations, and entitlements. It may include reconciliation instructions to designated House or Senate committees. • bypassIt is to avoid an obstacle etc, by constructing or using a bypass. • caucusA meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party policy; a political primary meeting. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. Congress • caucusA meeting, especially a preliminary meeting, of persons belonging to a party, to nominate candidates for public office, or to select delegates to a nominating convention, or to confer regarding measures of party policy; a political primary meeting. • chairChairperson. • checks and balancesA system for multiple parties wherein each has some control over the actions of each of the others. • cloakroomA room, in a public building such as a theatre, where coats and other belongings may be left temporarily. • clotureIn legislative assemblies that permit unlimited debate (filibuster); a motion, procedure or rule, by which debate is ended so that a vote may be taken on the matter. For example, in the United States Senate, a three-fifths majority vote of the body is required to invoke cloture and terminate debate. • conference committeea joint committee of a bicameral legislature, which is appointed by, and consists of, members of both chambers to resolve disagreements on a particular bill • Congressional Budget OfficeThe Congressional Budget Office (CBO) is a federal agency within the legislative branch of the United States government that provides economic data to Congress. • congressional oversightCongressional oversight refers to oversight by the United States Congress of the Executive Branch, including the numerous U.S. federal agencies. • Congressional Research ServiceThe Congressional Research Service (CRS), known as Congress's think tank, is a public policy research arm of the United States Congress. • consentTo express willingness, to give permission. • constituencyAn interest group or fan base. • deficitA situation wherein, or amount whereby, spending exceeds government revenue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. Congress • delegateA person authorized to act as representative for another; in politics, a party representative allocated to nominate a party candidate. • docketA short entry of the proceedings of a court; the register containing them; the office containing the register. • endowmentThe invested funds of a not-for-profit institution. • enumerated powersThe enumerated powers are a list of items found in Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution that set forth the authoritative capacity of Congress. In summary, Congress may exercise the powers that the Constitution grants it, subject to explicit restrictions in the Bill of Rights and other protections in the Constitution. • fiatAn authoritative command or order to do something; an effectual decree. • filibusterA delaying tactic, especially the use of long, often irrelevant speeches given in order to delay progress or the making of a decision, especially on the floor of the US Senate. • fiscalRelated to the treasury of a country, company, region, or city, particularly to government spending and revenue. • fiscalRelated to the treasury of a country, company, region, or city, particularly to government spending and revenue. • framersThe authors of the American Constitution. • gerrymanderingThe practice of redrawing electoral districts to gain an electoral advantage for a political party. • gerrymanderingThe practice of redrawing electoral districts to gain an electoral advantage for a political party. • Government Accountability OfficeThe Government Accountability Office (GAO) is the audit, evaluation, and investigative arm of the United States Congress. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. Congress • Great CompromiseAn agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the US Constitution. It called for a bicameral legislature, along with proportional representation in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. • house of representativesThe United States House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the United States Congress. The major power of the House is to pass federal legislation that affects the entire country, although its bills must also be passed by the Senate and further agreed to by the U.S. President before becoming law. • impeachmentthe act of impeaching a public official, either elected or appointed, before a tribunal charged with determining the facts of the matter. • impeachmentthe act of impeaching a public official, either elected or appointed, before a tribunal charged with determining the facts of the matter. • implied powersThey are those powers authorized by a legal document (from the Constitution) which, while not stated, seem to be implied by powers expressly stated. • incumbencythe state of holding an office or title • indictmentAn official formal accusation for a criminal offence or the process by which it is brought to a jury. • joint committeea Congressional committee consisting of Members of both Houses and having jurisdiction over matters of joint interest • legislationLaw which has been enacted by legislature or other governing body • legislativeThat branch of government which is responsible for making, or having the power to make, a law or laws. • lobbyistA person remunerated to persuade (to lobby) politicians to vote in a certain way or otherwise use their office to effect a desired result. • majority leadera partisan position in a legislative body; often the chief spokesperson for the party in power, who sets the floor agenda and oversees the committee chairmen Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

19. Congress • minority leaderthe floor leader of the second largest caucus in a legislative body; the leader of the opposition • Necessary and Proper Clausethe provision in Article One of the United States Constitution, section 8, clause 18, which states that Congress has the power "to make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper" for executing its duties • Office of Management and BudgetThe largest office within the Executive Office of the President, the OMB is in charge of overseeing the preparation of the federal budget and the administering of that budget within the federal branch. • party votingThe type of voting that describes when voters cast their vote based on their self-identification with a particular political party. • pork barrelThe appropriation of government spending for localized projects secured solely or primarily to bring money to a representative's district • primaryA primary election; a preliminary election to select a political candidate of a political party. • Public DebtThe United States public debt is the money borrowed by the federal government of the United States through the issuing of securities by the Treasury and other federal government agencies. • reapportionmentReassignment of representation in a legislature, especially of U.S. House of Representative seats, in accord with changes in the census population determination. • referendumA direct popular vote on a proposed law or constitutional amendment. • rhetoricThe art of using language, especially public speaking, as a means to persuade. • senateThe composition and powers of the Senate are established in Article I of the U.S. Constitution. Each U.S. state is represented by two senators, regardless of population. Senators serve staggered six-year terms. The chamber of the United States Senate is located in the north wing of the Capitol, in Washington, D.C., the national capital. • seniorityrefers to the number of years one member of a group has been a part of the group, or the political power attained by position within the United States Government Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

20. Congress • Speaker of the Housethe presiding officer (chair) of the House of Representatives • standing committeea committee established by an official and providing for its scope and power • subcommitteeA committee formed by an existing committee. • subordinatePlaced in a lower class, rank, or position. • subpoenaA writ requiring someone to appear in court to give testimony. • titularOne who holds a title. • town meetinga form of direct democratic rule, used primarily in portions of the United States since the 17th century, in which most or all the members of a community come together to legislate policy and budgets for local government • u.s. house of representativesThe U.S. House of Representatives has 435 members, elected for two year terms in single-seat constituencies. House of Representatives elections are held every two years on the first Tuesday after November 1 in even years, correlated with presidential elections. House elections are first-past-the-post elections that elect a Representative from each of 435 House districts which cover the United States. • u.s. senateThe U.S. Senate has 100 members, elected for six year terms in dual-seat constituencies, two from each state. One-third are renewed every two years. • Ways and MeansThe Committee of Ways and Means is the chief tax-writing committee of the United States House of Representatives Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

21. Congress Congress Hall Committee Room in Philadelphia The second committee room upstairs in Congress Hall, Philadelphia, PA. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Congress Hall committee room 2."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Congress_Hall_committee_room_2.jpgView on Boundless.com

22. Congress U.S. Office of Management and Budget Seal The Office of Management and Budget plays a key role in preparing the president's budget request to Congress. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Defense Attaché System 2."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Defense_Attach%C3%A9_System_2.pngView on Boundless.com

23. Congress Capitol Hill The U.S. has a bicameral legislature in Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capitol Hill."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Hill.jpgView on Boundless.com

24. Congress Jim Greenwood Committee Chair Congressman Jim Greenwood, Chairman of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations, gavels to start the hearing on human cloning. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Jim Greenwood Committee Chair."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jim_Greenwood_Committee_Chair.jpgView on Boundless.com

25. Congress John Roberts Confirmation Hearings Under the Constitution, the Senate have advice and consent on any nominations made by the President to the Supreme Court of the United States. Here, the Senate Judiciary Committee confirmation hearings of John Roberts to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 2005. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."John Roberts Confirmation Hearings."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Roberts_Confirmation_Hearings.jpgView on Boundless.com

26. Congress Ways and Means Committee Logo The Ways and Means Committee has been an important committee in the U.S. since 1789 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Wmc_logo.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. Congress John Boehner Speaker of the House John Boehner (R), seen here with President Barack Obama during the 2011 State of the Union, called for a conference committee to discuss new tax policies that were introduced to the house in 2011. Critics say he used the conference committees to stall the passing of any tax compromises. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Obama_Boehner_State_of_the_Union_2011.jpg/220px-Obama_Boehner_State_of_the_Union_2011.jpgView on Boundless.com

28. Congress Congressional Records The Congressional Records contain sections of verbatum congressional debates. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia.CC BYhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Congressional_record_1935_p1.JPG/320px-Congressional_record_1935_p1.JPGView on Boundless.com

29. Congress Gerald Ford Papers Gerald Ford set the Republican legislative agenda. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Gerald Ford."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gerald_Ford.jpgView on Boundless.com

30. Congress Russell Senate Office Building The Russell Senate Office Building houses several Congressional staff members, including those on the United States Senate Committees on Armed Services, Rules and Administration, Veterans' Affairs, and others. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Flickr - USCapitol - Russell Senate Office Building."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Russell_Senate_Office_Building.jpgView on Boundless.com

31. Congress The Senate as a Court of Impeachment for the Trial of Andrew Johnson The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Andew Johnson impeachment trial."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Andew_Johnson_impeachment_trial.jpgView on Boundless.com

32. Congress Capitol-Senate The Senate's side of the Capitol Building in Washington D.C. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Capitol-Senate."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol-Senate.JPGView on Boundless.com

33. Congress US Congress in Present Times Using Weber's theory of stratification, members of the U.S. Congress are at the top of the social hierarchy because they have high power and status, despite having relatively little wealth on average. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Obama Health Care Speech to Joint Session of Congress."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Obama_Health_Care_Speech_to_Joint_Session_of_Congress.jpgView on Boundless.com

34. Congress U.S. Congress House Districts This map shows the boundaries for the U.S. Congress housing districts. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."File:113th US Congress House districts color.svg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:113th_US_Congress_House_districts_color.svg&page=1View on Boundless.com

35. Congress Capitol Hill The U.S. has a bicameral legislature in Congress, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capitol Hill."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Hill.jpgView on Boundless.com

36. Congress House Appropriations Committee Logo Appropriations committees are distinct from authorization committees in principle, but the division is often imperfect in reality. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."House Appropriations Committee logo."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:House_Appropriations_Committee_logo.jpgView on Boundless.com

37. Congress The impeachment trial of President Clinton Floor proceedings of the U.S. Senate, in session during the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Senate in session."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Senate_in_session.jpgView on Boundless.com

38. Congress Capitol Hill Capitol Hill, or the Capitol Building, houses the United States Congress. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capitol Hill."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Hill.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. Congress Arthur Andersen Witnesses Arthur Andersen witnesses testify at the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives (107th Congress) hearing on January 24, 2002. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Arthur Andersen Witnesses."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arthur_Andersen_Witnesses.jpgView on Boundless.com

40. Congress Advice and Consent Senators also have the power of "advice and consent" over other authorities in the federal or state governments. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."SC Treasurer Curtis Loftis Following a Congressional Hearing."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SC_Treasurer_Curtis_Loftis_Following_a_Congressional_Hearing.jpgView on Boundless.com

41. Congress John Roberts Confirmation Hearings Under the Constitution, the Senate have advice and consent on any nominations made by the President to the Supreme Court of the United States. Here, the Senate Judiciary Committee confirmation hearings of John Roberts to be Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 2005. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."John Roberts Confirmation Hearings."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_Roberts_Confirmation_Hearings.jpgView on Boundless.com

42. Congress Congress Hall Committee Room Marie Antoinette One of several committee rooms in Congress Hall, in Philadelphia, PA. The room is located on the second floor, on the west side of the building, adjacent to the Senate chamber. The view is looking toward the front of the building. The portrait of Marie Antoinette, by Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun (1788), was presented as a gift from the French monarch following the American Revolution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Congress Hall Committee Room Marie Antoinette."CC BY-SAhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Congress_Hall_Committee_Room_Marie_Antoinette.jpgView on Boundless.com

43. Congress Capitol Hill Capitol Hill, where bills become laws. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capitol Hill."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Hill.jpgView on Boundless.com

44. Congress Russell Senate Office Building The Russell Senate Office Building houses several Congressional staff members, including those on the United States Senate Committees on Armed Services, Rules and Administration, Veterans' Affairs, and others. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Flickr - USCapitol - Russell Senate Office Building."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_USCapitol_-_Russell_Senate_Office_Building.jpgView on Boundless.com

45. Congress Capitol Hill Capitol Hill, where bills become laws. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capitol Hill."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Capitol_Hill.jpgView on Boundless.com

46. Congress U.S. House Committee The House Financial Services Committee meets. Committee members sit in the tiers of raised chairs, while individuals testifying and audience members sit below. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."US House Committee."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_House_Committee.jpgView on Boundless.com

47. Congress Gerrymandering Comparison In this example, the more even distribution is on the left and the gerrymandered distribution is on the right. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gerrymandering Comparison."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gerrymandering_Comparison.pngView on Boundless.com

48. Congress Stephen Colbert Political satirist Stephen Colbert has started his own Super PAC to draw attention to these organizations. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Stephen Colbert at Rally."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stephen_Colbert_at_Rally.jpgView on Boundless.com

49. Congress Joe Lieberman and John McCain Senator Lieberman was a Democrat, then crossed over as an Independent, then endorsed a Republican presidential candidate. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Mccainliebermann."CC BYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mccainliebermann.JPGView on Boundless.com

50. Congress House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Kevin_McCarthy2 2.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kevin_McCarthy2.jpgView on Boundless.com