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1. https://www.passquestion.com Pass Pass Oracle Oracle 200 200- -125 125 Exam With Real Questions Exam With Real Questions Oracle Oracle 200 200- -125 125 Exam Exam CCNA Cisco Certified Network Associate CCNA (v3.0) https://www.passquestion.com/ https://www.passquestion.com/200 200- -125 125.html .html 30% OFF On All, Including Cisco 1Z0-808 Questions and Answers P Pass ass Oracle Oracle 200 200- -125 125 Exam with PassQuestion Cisco Exam with PassQuestion Cisco 200 200- -125 125 questions and answers in the first attempt. questions and answers in the first attempt. https://www.passquestion.com/ 100% pass

2. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 1 Refer to the exhibit: What will Router1 do when it receives the data frame shown? (Choose three.) A. Router1 will strip off the source MAC address and replace it with the MAC address 0000.0c36.6965. B. Router1 will strip off the source IP address and replace it with the IP address 192.168.40.1. C. Router1 will strip off the destination MAC address and replace it with the MAC address 0000.0c07.4320. D. Router1 will strip off the destination IP address and replace it with the IP address of 192.168.40.1. E. Router1 will forward the data packet out interface FastEthernet0/1. F. Router1 will forward the data packet out interface FastEthernet0/2. Answer: A, C, F Explanation: Remember, the source and destination MAC changes as each router hop along with the TTL being decremented but the source and destination IP address remain the same from source to destination. QUESTION NO: 2 100% pass

3. https://www.passquestion.com Refer to the exhibit. Which three statements correctly describe Network Device A? (Choose three.) A. With a network wide mask of 255.255.255.128, each interface does not require an IP address. B. With a network wide mask of 255.255.255.128, each interface does require an IP address on a unique IP subnet. C. With a network wide mask of 255.255.255.0, must be a Layer 2 device for the PCs to communicate with each other. D. With a network wide mask of 255.255.255.0, must be a Layer 3 device for the PCs to communicate with each other. E. With a network wide mask of 255.255.254.0, each interface does not require an IP address. Answer: B, D, E Explanation: If Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.128 the hosts vary from x.x.x.0 - x.x.x.127 & x.x.x.128- x.x.x.255, so the IP Addresses of 2 hosts fall in different subnets so each interface needs an IP an address so that they can communicate each other. If Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0 the 2 specified hosts fall in different subnets so they need a Layer 3 device to communicate. 100% pass

4. https://www.passquestion.com If Subnet Mask is 255.255.254.0 the 2 specified hosts are in same subnet so are in network address and can be accommodated in same Layer 2 domain and can communicate with each other directly using the Layer 2 address. QUESTION NO: 3 Which layer in the OSI reference model is responsible for determining the availability of the receiving program and checking to see if enough resources exist for that communication? A. transport B. network C. presentation D. session E. application Answer: E Explanation: This question is to examine the OSI reference model. The Application layer is responsible for identifying and establishing the availability of the intended communication partner and determining whether sufficient resources for the intended communication exist. QUESTION NO: 4 Which of the following describes the roles of devices in a WAN? (Choose three.) A. A CSU/DSU terminates a digital local loop. B. A modem terminates a digital local loop. C. A CSU/DSU terminates an analog local loop. D. A modem terminates an analog local loop. E. A router is commonly considered a DTE device. F. A router is commonly considered a DCE device. Answer: A, D, E Explanation: 100% pass

5. https://www.passquestion.com The idea behind a WAN is to be able to connect two DTE networks together through a DCE network. The network’s DCE device (includes CSU/DSU) provides clocking to the DTE-connected interface (the router’s serial interface). A modem modulates outgoing digital signals from a computer or other digital device to analog signals for a conventional copper twisted pair telephone line and demodulates the incoming analog signal and converts it to a digital signal for the digital device. A CSU/DSU is used between two digital lines - For more explanation of answer D, in telephony the local loop (also referred to as a subscriber line) is the physical link or circuit that connects from the demarcation point of the customer premises to the edge of the carrier or telecommunications service provider’s network. Therefore a modem terminates an analog local loop is correct. QUESTION NO: 5 Refer to the exhibit. 100% pass

6. https://www.passquestion.com Host A pings interface S0/0 on router 3. What is the TTL value for that ping? A. 252 B. 253 C. 254 D. 255 Answer: B Explanation: From the CCNA ICND2 Exam book: “Routers decrement the TTL by 1 every time they forward a packet; if a router decrements the TTL to 0, it throws away the packet. This prevents packets from rotating forever.” I want to make it clear that before the router forwards a packet, the TTL is still remain the same. For example in the topology above, pings to S0/1 and S0/0 of Router 2 have the same TTL. The picture below shows TTL values for each interface of each router and for Host B. Notice that Host A initializes ICMP packet with a TTL of 255: 100% pass

7. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 6 A network administrator is verifying the configuration of a newly installed host by establishing an FTP connection to a remote server. What is the highest layer of the protocol stack that the network administrator is using for this operation? A. application B. presentation C. session D. transport E. internet F. data link Answer: A Explanation: FTP belongs to Application layer and it is also the highest layer of the OSI model. QUESTION NO: 7 Refer to the exhibit. 100% pass

8. https://www.passquestion.com After HostA pings HostB, which entry will be in the ARP cache of HostA to support this transmission? A. Exhibit A B. Exhibit B 100% pass

9. https://www.passquestion.com C. Exhibit C D. Exhibit D E. Exhibit E F. Exhibit F Answer: A Explanation: Host A knows host B is in another network so it will send the pings to its default gateway 192.168.6.1. Host A sends a broadcast frame asking the MAC address of 192.168.6.1. This information (IP and MAC address of the default gateway) is saved in its ARP cache for later use. QUESTION NO: 8 A network interface port has collision detection and carrier sensing enabled on a shared twisted pair network. From this statement, what is known about the network interface port? A. This is a 10 Mb/s switch port. B. This is a 100 Mb/s switch port. C. This is an Ethernet port operating at half duplex. D. This is an Ethernet port operating at full duplex. E. This is a port on a network interface card in a PC. Answer: C Explanation: Modern Ethernet networks built with switches and full-duplex connections no longer utilize CSMA/CD. CSMA/CD is only used in obsolete shared media Ethernet (which uses repeater or hub). QUESTION NO: 9 A receiving host computes the checksum on a frame and determines that the frame is damaged. The frame is then discarded. At which OSI layer did this happen? A. session 100% pass

10. https://www.passquestion.com B. transport C. network D. data link E. physical Answer: D Explanation: The Data Link layer provides the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control. The Data Link layer formats the message into pieces, each called a data frame, and adds a customized header containing the hardware destination and source address. Protocols Data Unit (PDU) on Datalink layer is called frame. According to this question the frame is damaged and discarded which will happen at the Data Link layer. QUESTION NO: 10 Which of the following correctly describe steps in the OSI data encapsulation process? (Choose two.) A. The transport layer divides a data stream into segments and may add reliability and flow control information. B. The data link layer adds physical source and destination addresses and an FCS to the segment. C. Packets are created when the network layer encapsulates a frame with source and destination host addresses and protocol-related control information. D. Packets are created when the network layer adds Layer 3 addresses and control information to a segment. E. The presentation layer translates bits into voltages for transmission across the physical link. Answer: A, D Explanation: The transport layer segments data into smaller pieces for transport. Each segment is assigned a sequence number, so that the receiving device can reassemble the data on arrival. 100% pass

11. https://www.passquestion.com The transport layer also use flow control to maximize the transfer rate while minimizing the requirements to retransmit. For example, in TCP, basic flow control is implemented by acknowledgment by the receiver of the receipt of data; the sender waits for this acknowledgment before sending the next part. The Network layer (Layer 3) has two key responsibilities. First, this layer controls the logical addressing of devices. Second, the network layer determines the best path to a particular destination network, and routes the data appropriately. QUESTION NO: 11 Refer to the graphic. Host A is communicating with the server. What will be the source MAC address of the frames received by Host A from the server? A. the MAC address of router interface e0 B. the MAC address of router interface e1 C. the MAC address of the server network interface D. the MAC address of host A Answer: A Explanation: 100% pass

12. https://www.passquestion.com Whereas switches can only examine and forward packets based on the contents of the MAC header, routers can look further into the packet to discover the network for which a packet is destined. Routers make forwarding decisions based on the packet's network-layer header (such as an IPX header or IP header). These network-layer headers contain source and destination network addresses. Local devices address packets to the router's MAC address in the MAC header. After receiving the packets, the router must perform the following steps: 1. Check the incoming packet for corruption, and remove the MAC header. The router checks the packet for MAC-layer errors. The router then strips off the MAC header and examines the network-layer header to determine what to do with the packet. 2. Examine the age of the packet. The router must ensure that the packet has not come too far to be forwarded. For example, IPX headers contain a hop count. By default, 15 hops is the maximum number of hops (or routers) that a packet can cross. If a packet has a hop count of 15, the router discards the packet. IP headers contain a Time to Live (TTL) value. Unlike the IPX hop count, which increments as the packet is forwarded through each router, the IP TTL value decrements as the IP packet is forwarded through each router. If an IP packet has a TTL value of 1, the router discards the packet. A router cannot decrement the TTL value to 1 and then forward the packet. 3. Determine the route to the destination. Routers maintain a routing table that lists available networks, the direction to the desired network (the outgoing interface number), and the distance to those networks. After determining which direction to forward the packet, the router must build a new header. (If you want to read the IP routing tables on a Windows 95/98 workstation, type ROUTE PRINT in the DOS box.) 4. Build the new MAC header and forward the packet. Finally, the router builds a new MAC header for the packet. The MAC header includes the router's MAC address and the final destination's MAC address or the MAC address of the next router in the path. QUESTION NO: 12 Refer to the exhibit. 100% pass

13. https://www.passquestion.com What two results would occur if the hub were to be replaced with a switch that is configured with one Ethernet VLAN? (Choose two.) A. The number of collision domains would remain the same. B. The number of collision domains would decrease. C. The number of collision domains would increase. D. The number of broadcast domains would remain the same. E. The number of broadcast domains would decrease. F. The number of broadcast domains would increase. Answer: C, D Explanation: Basically, a collision domain is a network segment that allows normal network traffic to flow back and forth. In the old days of hubs, this meant you had a lot of collisions, and the old CSMA/CD would be working overtime to try to get those packets re-sent every time there was a collision on the wire (since Ethernet allows only one host to be transmitting at once without there being a traffic jam). With switches, you break up collision domains by switching packets bound for other collision domains. These days, since we mostly use switches to connect computers to the network, you generally have one collision domain to a PC. Broadcast domains are exactly what they imply: they are network segments that allow broadcasts to be sent across them. Since switches and bridges allow for broadcast traffic to go unswitched, broadcasts can traverse collision domains freely. Routers, however, don't allow broadcasts through by default, so when a broadcast hits a router (or the perimeter of a VLAN), it doesn't get forwarded. The simple way to look at it is 100% pass

14. https://www.passquestion.com this way: switches break up collision domains, while routers (and VLANs) break up collision domains and broadcast domains. Also, a broadcast domain can contain multiple collision domains, but a collision domain can never have more than one broadcast domain associated with it. Collision Domain: A group of Ethernet or Fast Ethernet devices in a CSMA/CD LAN that are connected by repeaters and compete for access on the network. Only one device in the collision domain may transmit at any one time, and the other devices in the domain listen to the network in order to avoid data collisions. A collision domain is sometimes referred to as an Ethernet segment. Broadcast Domain: Broadcasting sends a message to everyone on the local network (subnet). An example for Broadcasting would be DHCP Request from a Client PC. The Client is asking for a IP Address, but the client does not know how to reach the DHCP Server. So the client sends a DHCP Discover packet to EVERY PC in the local subnet (Broadcast). But only the DHCP Server will answer to the Request. How to count them? Broadcast Domain: No matter how many hosts or devices are connected together, if they are connected with a repeater, hub, switch or bridge, all these devices are in ONE Broadcast domain (assuming a single VLAN). A Router is used to separate Broadcast-Domains (we could also call them Subnets - or call them VLANs). So, if a router stands between all these devices, we have TWO broadcast domains. Collision Domain: Each connection from a single PC to a Layer 2 switch is ONE Collision domain. For example, if 5 PCs are connected with separate cables to a switch, we have 5 Collision domains. If this switch is connected to another switch or a router, we have one collision domain more. If 5 Devices are connected to a Hub, this is ONE Collision Domain. Each device that is connected to a Layer 1 device (repeater, hub) will reside in ONE single collision domain. QUESTION NO: 13 100% pass

15. https://www.passquestion.com Which three statements accurately describe Layer 2 Ethernet switches? (Choose three.) A. Spanning Tree Protocol allows switches to automatically share VLAN information. B. Establishing VLANs increases the number of broadcast domains. C. Switches that are configured with VLANs make forwarding decisions based on both Layer 2 and Layer 3 address information. D. Microsegmentation decreases the number of collisions on the network. E. In a properly functioning network with redundant switched paths, each switched segment will contain one root bridge with all its ports in the forwarding state. All other switches in that broadcast domain will have only one root port. F. If a switch receives a frame for an unknown destination, it uses ARP to resolve the address. Answer: B, D, E Explanation: Microsegmentation is a network design (functionality) where each workstation or device on a network gets its own dedicated segment (collision domain) to the switch. Each network device gets the full bandwidth of the segment and does not have to share the segment with other devices. Microsegmentation reduces and can even eliminate collisions because each segment is its own collision domain ->. Note: Microsegmentation decreases the number of collisions but it increases the number of collision domains. QUESTION NO: 14 Where does routing occur within the DoD TCP/IP reference model? A. application B. internet C. network D. transport Answer: B Explanation: 100% pass

16. https://www.passquestion.com The picture below shows the comparison between TCP/IP model & OSI model. Notice that the Internet Layer of TCP/IP is equivalent to the Network Layer which is responsible for routing decision. QUESTION NO: 15 Refer to exhibit: Which two destination addresses will be used by Host A to send data to Host C? (Choose two.) A. the IP address of Switch 1 B. the MAC address of Switch 1 100% pass

17. https://www.passquestion.com C. the IP address of Host C D. the MAC address of Host C E. the IP address of the router's E0 interface F. the MAC address of the router's E0 interface Answer: C, F Explanation: While transferring data through many different networks, the source and destination IP addresses are not changed. Only the source and destination MAC addresses are changed. So in this case Host A will use the IP address of Host C and the MAC address of E0 interface to send data. When the router receives this data, it replaces the source MAC address with its own E1 interface’s MAC address and replaces the destination MAC address with Host C’s MAC address before sending to Host C. QUESTION NO: 16 For what two purposes does the Ethernet protocol use physical addresses? (Choose two.) A. to uniquely identify devices at Layer 2 B. to allow communication with devices on a different network C. to differentiate a Layer 2 frame from a Layer 3 packet D. to establish a priority system to determine which device gets to transmit first E. to allow communication between different devices on the same network F. to allow detection of a remote device when its physical address is unknown Answer: A, E Explanation: Physical addresses or MAC addresses are used to identify devices at layer 2. MAC addresses are only used to communicate on the same network. To communicate on different network we have to use Layer 3 addresses (IP addresses) -> B is not correct. Layer 2 frame and Layer 3 packet can be recognized via headers. Layer 3 packet also contains physical address ->. 100% pass

18. https://www.passquestion.com On Ethernet, each frame has the same priority to transmit by default ->. All devices need a physical address to identify itself. If not, they cannot communicate ->. QUESTION NO: 17 Refer to the exhibit. Based on the information given, which switch will be elected root bridge and why? A. Switch A, because it has the lowest MAC address B. Switch A, because it is the most centrally located switch C. Switch B, because it has the highest MAC address D. Switch C, because it is the most centrally located switch E. Switch C, because it has the lowest priority F. Switch D, because it has the highest priority Answer: E Explanation: To elect the root bridge in the LAN, first check the priority value. The switch having the lowest priority will win the election process. If Priority Value is the same then it checks the MAC Address; the switch having the lowest MAC Address will become the root bridge. In this case, switch C has the lowest MAC Address so it becomes the root bridge. QUESTION NO: 18 100% pass

19. https://www.passquestion.com Which of the following statements describe the network shown in the graphic? (Choose two.) A. There are two broadcast domains in the network. B. There are four broadcast domains in the network. C. There are six broadcast domains in the network. D. There are four collision domains in the network. E. There are five collision domains in the network. F. There are seven collision domains in the network. Answer: A, F Explanation: Only router can break up broadcast domains so in the exhibit there are 2 broadcast domains: from e0 interface to the left is a broadcast domain and from e1 interface to the right is another broadcast domain ->. Both router and switch can break up collision domains so there is only 1 collision domain on the left of the router (because hub doesn’t break up collision domain) and there are 6 collision domains on the right of the router (1 collision domain from e1 interface to the switch + 5 collision domains for 5 PCs in Production) ->. QUESTION NO: 19 In an Ethernet network, under what two scenarios can devices transmit? (Choose two.) 100% pass

20. https://www.passquestion.com A. when they receive a special token B. when there is a carrier C. when they detect no other devices are sending D. when the medium is idle E. when the server grants access Answer: C, D Explanation: Ethernet network is a shared environment so all devices have the right to access to the medium. If more than one device transmits simultaneously, the signals collide and cannot reach the destination. If a device detects another device is sending, it will wait for a specified amount of time before attempting to transmit. When there is no traffic detected, a device will transmit its message. While this transmission is occurring, the device continues to listen for traffic or collisions on the LAN. After the message is sent, the device returns to its default listening mode. QUESTION NO: 20 A router has two Fast Ethernet interfaces and needs to connect to four VLANs in the local network. How can you accomplish this task, using the fewest physical interfaces and without decreasing network performance? A. Use a hub to connect the four VLANS with a Fast Ethernet interface on the router. B. Add a second router to handle the VLAN traffic. C. Add two more Fast Ethernet interfaces. D. Implement a router-on-a-stick configuration. Answer: D Explanation: A router on a stick allows you to use sub-interfaces to create multiple logical networks on a single physical interface. QUESTION NO: 21 100% pass

21. https://www.passquestion.com Host 1 is trying to communicate with Host 2. The e0 interface on Router C is down. Which of the following are true? (Choose two.) A. Router C will use ICMP to inform Host 1 that Host 2 cannot be reached. B. Router C will use ICMP to inform Router B that Host 2 cannot be reached. C. Router C will use ICMP to inform Host 1, Router A, and Router B that Host 2 cannot be reached. D. Router C will send a Destination Unreachable message type. E. Router C will send a Router Selection message type. F. Router C will send a Source Quench message type. Answer: A, D Explanation: Host 1 is trying to communicate with Host 2. The e0 interface on Router C is down. Router C will send ICMP packets to inform Host 1 that Host 2 cannot be reached. QUESTION NO: 22 What is the difference between a CSU/DSU and a modem? A. A CSU/DSU converts analog signals from a router to a leased line; a modem converts analog signals from a router to a leased line. B. A CSU/DSU converts analog signals from a router to a phone line; a modem converts digital signals from a router to a leased line. C. A CSU/DSU converts digital signals from a router to a phone line; a modem converts analog signals from a router to a phone line. 100% pass

22. https://www.passquestion.com D. A CSU/DSU converts digital signals from a router to a leased line; a modem converts digital signals from a router to a phone line. Answer: D Explanation: CSU/DSU is used to convert digital signals from a router to a network circuit such as a T1, while a modem is used to convert digital signals over a regular POTS line. QUESTION NO: 23 DRAG DROP Drag the cable type on the left to the purpose for which it is best suited on the right. (Not all options are used.) Answer: Explanation: To remember which type of cable you should use, follow these tips: - To connect two serial interfaces of 2 routers we use serial cable – To specify when we use crossover cable or straight-through cable, we should remember: Group 1: Router, Host, Server Group 2: Hub, Switch 100% pass

23. https://www.passquestion.com One device in group 1 + One device in group 2: use straight-through cable Two devices in the same group: use crossover cable For example: we use straight-through cable to connect switch to router, switch to host, hub to host, hub to server… and we use crossover cable to connect switch to switch, switch to hub, router to router, host to host…) QUESTION NO: 24 DRAG DROP Match the terms on the left with the appropriate OSI layer on the right. (Not all options are used.) Answer: 100% pass

24. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 25 DRAG DROP Refer to the exhibit. PC_1 is exchanging packets with the FTP server. Consider the packets as they leave RouterB interface Fa0/1 towards RouterA. Drag the correct frame and packet addresses to their place in the table. Answer: 100% pass

25. https://www.passquestion.com Source Mac Address MAC address MAC 0000.0c89.3333 172.16.21.7 QUESTION NO: 26 DRAG DROP Refer to the exhibit. PC_1 is sending packets to the FTP server. Consider the packets as they leave RouterA interface Fa0/0 towards RouterB. Drag the correct frame and packet address to their place in the table. Destination Mac AddressSource IP address Destination MAC 0000.0c89.9999 IP 172.16.34.250IP Answer: QUESTION NO: 27 DRAG DROP 100% pass

26. https://www.passquestion.com Refer to the exhibit. Complete this network diagram by dragging the correct device name or description to the correct location. Not all the names or descriptions will be used. Answer: 100% pass

27. https://www.passquestion.com Topic 2: LAN Switching Technologies QUESTION NO: 1 Refer to the exhibit. Switch port FastEthernet 0/24 on ALSwitch1 will be used to create an IEEE 802.1Q- compliant trunk to another switch. Based on the output shown, what is the reason the trunk does not form, even though the proper cabling has been attached? A. VLANs have not been created yet. B. An IP address must be configured for the port. C. The port is currently configured for access mode. D. The correct encapsulation type has not been configured. E. The “no shutdown” command has not been entered for the port. 100% pass

28. https://www.passquestion.com Answer: C Explanation: According to the output shown the switchport (layer 2 Switching) is enabled and the port is in access mode. To make a trunk link the port should configured as a trunk port, not an access port, by using the following command: (Config-if)#switchport mode trunk. QUESTION NO: 2 Which port state is introduced by Rapid-PVST? A. learning B. listening C. discarding D. forwarding Answer: C Explanation: PVST+ is based on IEEE802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). But PVST+ has only 3 port states (discarding, learning and forwarding) while STP has 5 port states (blocking, listening, learning, forwarding and disabled). So discarding is a new port state in PVST+. QUESTION NO: 3 VLAN 3 is not yet configured on your switch. What happens if you set the switchport access vlan 3 command in interface configuration mode? A. The command is rejected. B. The port turns amber. C. The command is accepted and the respective VLAN is added to vlan.dat. D. The command is accepted and you must configure the VLAN manually. Answer: C Explanation: 100% pass

29. https://www.passquestion.com The “switchport access vlan 3” will put that interface as belonging to VLAN 3 while also updated the VLAN database automatically to include VLAN 3. QUESTION NO: 4 What value is primarily used to determine which port becomes the root port on each nonroot switch in a spanning-tree topology? A. path cost B. lowest port MAC address C. VTP revision number D. highest port priority number E. port priority number and MAC address Answer: A Explanation: The path cost to the root bridge is the most important value to determine which port will become the root port on each non-root switch. In particular, the port with lowest cost to the root bridge will become root port (on non-root switch). QUESTION NO: 5 In a switched environment, what does the IEEE 802.1Q standard describe? A. the operation of VTP B. a method of VLAN trunking C. an approach to wireless LAN communication D. the process for root bridge selection E. VLAN pruning Answer: B Explanation: A broadcast domain must sometimes exist on more than one switch in the network. To accomplish this, one switch must send frames to another switch and indicate which VLAN a particular frame belongs to. On Cisco switches, a trunk link is created to 100% pass

30. https://www.passquestion.com accomplish this VLAN identification. ISL and IEEE 802.1Q are different methods of putting a VLAN identifier in a Layer 2 frame. The IEEE 802.1Q protocol interconnects VLANs between multiple switches, routers, and servers. With 802.1Q, a network administrator can define a VLAN topology to span multiple physical devices. Cisco switches support IEEE 802.1Q for FastEthernet and Gigabit Ethernet interfaces. An 802.1Q trunk link provides VLAN identification by adding a 4-byte tag to an Ethernet Frame as it leaves a trunk port. QUESTION NO: 6 Refer to the exhibit. Switch-1 needs to send data to a host with a MAC address of 00b0.d056.efa4. What will Switch-1 do with this data? A. Switch-1 will drop the data because it does not have an entry for that MAC address. B. Switch-1 will flood the data out all of its ports except the port from which the data originated. C. Switch-1 will send an ARP request out all its ports except the port from which the data originated. D. Switch-1 will forward the data to its default gateway. Answer: B 100% pass

31. https://www.passquestion.com Explanation: This question tests the operating principles of the Layer 2 switch. Check the MAC address table of Switch1 and find that the MAC address of the host does not exist in the table. Switch1 will flood the data out all of its ports except the port from which the data originated to determine which port the host is located in. Switches work as follows: • Switches learn the MAC addresses of PCs or workstations that are connected to their switch ports by examining the source address of frames that are received on that port. • Machines may have been removed from a port, turned off, or moved to another port on the same switch or a different switch. • This could cause confusion in frame forwarding. • The MAC address entry is automatically discarded or aged out after 300 seconds • If there is not MAC address of destination host in MAC table, switch sends broadcast to all ports except the source to find out the destination host. In output there is no MAC address of give host so switch floods to all ports except the source port. QUESTION NO: 7 What is the function of the command switchport trunk native vlan 999 on a Cisco Catalyst switch? A. It creates a VLAN 999 interface. B. It designates VLAN 999 for untagged traffic. C. It blocks VLAN 999 traffic from passing on the trunk. D. It designates VLAN 999 as the default for all unknown tagged traffic. Answer: B Explanation: Configuring the Native VLAN for Untagged Traffic A trunk port configured with 802.1Q tagging can receive both tagged and untagged traffic. By default, the switch forwards untagged traffic in the native VLAN configured for the port. The native VLAN is VLAN 1 by default. 100% pass

32. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 8 Which two protocols are used by bridges and/or switches to prevent loops in a layer 2 network? (Choose two.) A. 802.1d B. VTP C. 802.1q D. STP E. SAP Answer: A, D Explanation: This question is to examine the STP protocol. STP (802.1d) is used to prevent Layer 2 loops. 802.1q is a Frame Relay protocol which belongs to VLAN. SAP is a concept of the OSI model. QUESTION NO: 9 Which switch would STP choose to become the root bridge in the selection process? A. 32768: 11-22-33-44-55-66 B. 32768: 22-33-44-55-66-77 C. 32769: 11-22-33-44-55-65 D. 32769: 22-33-44-55-66-78 Answer: A Explanation: The root bridge of the spanning tree is the bridge with the smallest (lowest) bridge ID. Each bridge has a configurable priority number and a MAC Address; the bridge ID contains both numbers combined together - Bridge priority + MAC (32768.0200.0000.1111). The Bridge priority default is 32768 and can only be configured in multiples of 4096(Spanning tree uses the 12 bits extended system ID). To compare two bridge IDs, the priority is compared first, as if looking at a real 100% pass

33. https://www.passquestion.com number anything less than 32768...will become the target of being the root. If two bridges have equal priority then the MAC addresses are compared; for example, if switches A (MAC=0200.0000.1111) and B (MAC=0200.0000.2222) both have a priority of 32768 then switch A will be selected as the root bridge. In this case, 32768: 11-22-33-44-55-66 would be the bridge because it has a lower priority and MAC address. QUESTION NO: 10 A switch is configured with all ports assigned to VLAN 2 with full duplex FastEthernet to segment existing departmental traffic. What is the effect of adding switch ports to a new VLAN on the switch? A. More collision domains will be created. B. IP address utilization will be more efficient. C. More bandwidth will be required than was needed previously. D. An additional broadcast domain will be created. Answer: D Explanation: Each VLAN creates its own broadcast domain. Since this is a full duplex switch, each port is a separate collision domain. QUESTION NO: 11 What are three benefits of implementing VLANs? (Choose three.) A. A higher level of network security can be reached by separating sensitive data traffic from other network traffic. B. A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many physical groups to use the same network infrastructure. C. A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many logical networks to use the same network infrastructure. D. Broadcast storms can be mitigated by increasing the number of broadcast domains, thus reducing their size. E. Broadcast storms can be mitigated by decreasing the number of broadcast domains, thus increasing their size. 100% pass

34. https://www.passquestion.com F. VLANs make it easier for IT staff to configure new logical groups, because the VLANs all belong to the same broadcast domain. G. Port-based VLANs increase switch-port use efficiency, thanks to 802.1Q trunks. Answer: A, C, D Explanation: Benefits of VLANs VLAN is a network structure which allows users to communicate while in different locations by sharing one multicast domain and a single broadcast. They provide numerous networking benefits and have become popular in the market. For instance, it helps reduce administrative costs when users are geographically dispersed. 1. Inexpensive The popularity of VLANs is due to the fact that changes, adds, and moves can be attained simply by making necessary configurations on the VLAN port. Time- consuming, re-addressing, and host reconfigurations is now a thing of the past, because network configuration can be made at ease when need arises. 2. Better management A VLAN typically solve the scalability issues that exist in a large network by breaking the main domain into several VLAN groups or smaller broadcast configurations, thereby encourage better control of multicast traffic as well as broadcast domains. 3. Improves network security High-security can be positioned in different VLAN groups to ensure that non- members cannot receive their broadcasts. On the other hand, a router is added and workgroups relocated into centralized locations. 4. Enhances performance A more efficient use of bandwidth can be achieved allowing many logical networks to use the same network infrastructure. 5. Segment multiple networks VLANs are typically used to achieve multiple purposes. They are popularly used to reduce broadcast traffic. Each VLAN creates a separate, smaller broadcast domain. 6. Better administration VLANs facilitate grouping of multiple geographical stations. When VLAN users move to another physical location, the network does not have to be configured. QUESTION NO: 12 100% pass

35. https://www.passquestion.com Which IEEE standard protocol is initiated as a result of successful DTP completion in a switch over Fast Ethernet? A. 802.3ad B. 802.1w C. 802.1D D. 802.1Q Answer: D Explanation: Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) is a Cisco proprietary protocol for negotiating trunking on a link between two devices and for negotiating the type of trunking encapsulation (802.1Q) to be used. QUESTION NO: 13 Which of the following are benefits of VLANs? (Choose three.) A. They increase the size of collision domains. B. They allow logical grouping of users by function. C. They can enhance network security. D. They increase the size of broadcast domains while decreasing the number of collision domains. E. They increase the number of broadcast domains while decreasing the size of the broadcast domains. F. They simplify switch administration. Answer: B, C, E Explanation: When using VLAN the number and size of collision domains remain the same ->. VLANs allow to group users by function, not by location or geography ->. VLANs help minimize the incorrect configuration of VLANs so it enhances the security of the network ->. VLAN increases the size of broadcast domains but does not decrease the number of collision domains ->. 100% pass

36. https://www.passquestion.com VLANs increase the number of broadcast domains while decreasing the size of the broadcast domains which increase the utilization of the links. It is also a big advantage of VLAN ->. VLANs are useful but they are more complex and need more administration ->. QUESTION NO: 14 Refer to the exhibit. A technician has installed SwitchB and needs to configure it for remote access from the management workstation connected to SwitchA. Which set of commands is required to accomplish this task? A. SwitchB(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1 SwitchB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.8.252 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# no shutdown B. SwitchB(config)# interface vlan 1 SwitchB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.8.252 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# ip default-gateway 192.168.8.254 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# no shutdown C. SwitchB(config)# ip default-gateway 192.168.8.254 SwitchB(config)# interface vlan 1 SwitchB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.8.252 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# no shutdown 100% pass

37. https://www.passquestion.com D. SwitchB(config)# ip default-network 192.168.8.254 SwitchB(config)# interface vlan 1 SwitchB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.8.252 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# no shutdown E. SwitchB(config)# ip route 192.168.8.254 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config)# interface FastEthernet 0/1 SwitchB(config-if)# ip address 192.168.8.252 255.255.255.0 SwitchB(config-if)# no shutdown Answer: C Explanation: To remote access to SwitchB, it must have a management IP address on a VLAN on that switch. Traditionally, we often use VLAN 1 as the management VLAN (but in fact it is not secure). In the exhibit, we can recognize that the Management Workstation is in a different subnet from the SwitchB. For intersubnetwork communication to occur, you must configure at least one default gateway. This default gateway is used to forward traffic originating from the switch only, not to forward traffic sent by devices connected to the switch. QUESTION NO: 15 Which two states are the port states when RSTP has converged? (Choose two.) A. discarding B. listening C. learning D. forwarding E. disabled Answer: A, D Explanation: 100% pass

38. https://www.passquestion.com There are only three port states left in RSTP that correspond to the three possible operational states. The 802.1D disabled, blocking, and listening states are merged into a unique 802.1w discarding state. Is Port Is Port Learning STP (802.1D) RSTP (802.1w) Included in MAC Port State Port State Active Addresses? Topology? Disabled Discarding No No Blocking Discarding No No Listening Discarding Yes No Learning Learning Yes Yes Forwarding Forwarding Yes Yes Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk389/tk621/technologies_white_paper09186a0080 094cfa.shtml#states QUESTION NO: 16 Which two commands can be used to verify a trunk link configuration status on a given Cisco switch interface? (Choose two.) A. show interface trunk B. show interface interface C. show ip interface brief D. show interface vlan E. show interface switchport Answer: A, E Explanation: Example output from these two commands: SW3#show interface trunk Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/19 auto n-802.1q trunking 1 100% pass

39. https://www.passquestion.com Fa0/20 auto n-802.1q trunking 1 Fa0/21 auto n-802.1q trunking 1 Fa0/22 auto n-802.1q trunking 1 Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/19 1-4094 Fa0/20 1-4094 Fa0/21 1-4094 Fa0/22 1-4094 SW1#show interface fast 0/2 switchport Name: Fa0/2 Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: dynamic desirable Operational Mode: down Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of TrunkinG. On Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Voice VLAN: none QUESTION NO: 17 Which command enables RSTP on a switch? A. spanning-tree uplinkfast B. spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst C. spanning-tree backbonefast D. spanning-tree mode mst Answer: B Explanation: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) is an enhancement of the original STP 802.1D protocol. The RSTP 802.1w protocol is an IEEE open implementation. Cisco has its own proprietary implementation of RSTP, that includes the benefits of its Per-VLAN spanning tree protocols, called Rapid-PVST+. To activate the Rapid-PVST+ protocol: switch(config)#spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst 100% pass

40. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 18 Refer to the exhibit. All switch ports are assigned to the correct VLANs, but none of the hosts connected to SwitchA can communicate with hosts in the same VLAN connected to SwitchB. Based on the output shown, what is the most likely problem? A. The access link needs to be configured in multiple VLANs. B. The link between the switches is configured in the wrong VLAN. C. The link between the switches needs to be configured as a trunk. D. VTP is not configured to carry VLAN information between the switches. E. Switch IP addresses must be configured in order for traffic to be forwarded between the switches. Answer: C Explanation: In order to pass traffic from VLANs on different switches, the connections between the switches must be configured as trunk ports. 100% pass

41. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 19 Refer to the exhibit. Which WAN protocol is being used? A. ATM B. HDLC C. Frame Relay D. PPP Answer: C Explanation: This question is to examine the show int command. According to the information provided in the exhibit, we can know that the data link protocol used in this network is the Frame Relay protocol. “LMI enq sent…” QUESTION NO: 20 Refer to the exhibit. 100% pass

42. https://www.passquestion.com Given the output shown from this Cisco Catalyst 2950, what is the reason that interface FastEthernet 0/10 is not the root port for VLAN 2? A. This switch has more than one interface connected to the root network segment in VLAN 2. B. This switch is running RSTP while the elected designated switch is running 802.1d Spanning Tree. C. This switch interface has a higher path cost to the root bridge than another in the topology. D. This switch has a lower bridge ID for VLAN 2 than the elected designated switch. Answer: C Explanation: Since the port is in the blocked status, we must assume that there is a shorter path to the root bridge elsewhere. QUESTION NO: 21 Why will a switch never learn a broadcast address? A. Broadcasts only use network layer addressing. B. A broadcast frame is never forwarded by a switch. C. A broadcast address will never be the source address of a frame. D. Broadcast addresses use an incorrect format for the switching table. E. Broadcast frames are never sent to switches. Answer: C Explanation: 100% pass

43. https://www.passquestion.com Switches dynamically learn MAC addresses based on the source MAC addresses that it sees, and since a broadcast is never the source, it will never learn the broadcast address. QUESTION NO: 22 Refer to the exhibit. Why has this switch not been elected the root bridge for VLAN1? A. It has more than one interface that is connected to the root network segment. B. It is running RSTP while the elected root bridge is running 802.1d spanning tree. C. It has a higher MAC address than the elected root bridge. D. It has a higher bridge ID than the elected root bridge. Answer: D Explanation: The root bridge is determined by the lowest bridge ID, and this switch has a bridge ID priority of 32768, which is higher than the roots priority of 20481. QUESTION NO: 23 100% pass

44. https://www.passquestion.com Which two link protocols are used to carry multiple VLANs over a single link? (Choose two.) A. VTP B. 802.1q C. IGP D. ISL E. 802.3u Answer: B, D Explanation: Cisco switches can use two different encapsulation types for trunks, the industry standard 802.1q or the Cisco proprietary ISL. Generally, most network engineers prefer to use 802.1q since it is standards based and will interoperate with other vendors. QUESTION NO: 24 Assuming the default switch configuration, which VLAN range can be added, modified, and removed on a Cisco switch? A. 1 through 1001 B. 2 through 1001 C. 1 through 1002 D. 2 through 1005 Answer: B Explanation VLAN 1 is the default VLAN on Cisco switch. It always exists and cannot be added, modified or removed. VLANs 1002-1005 are default VLANs for FDDI & Token Ring and they can’t be deleted or used for Ethernet. 100% pass

45. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 25 Which statement about VLAN operation on Cisco Catalyst switches is true? A. When a packet is received from an 802.1Q trunk, the VLAN ID can be determined from the source MAC address and the MAC address table. B. Unknown unicast frames are retransmitted only to the ports that belong to the same VLAN. C. Broadcast and multicast frames are retransmitted to ports that are configured on different VLAN. D. Ports between switches should be configured in access mode so that VLANs can span across the ports. Answer: B Explanation: Each VLAN resides in its own broadcast domain, so incoming frames with unknown destinations are only transmitted to ports that reside in the same VLAN as the incoming frame. QUESTION NO: 26 100% pass

46. https://www.passquestion.com Refer to the topology shown in the exhibit. Which three ports will be STP designated ports if all the links are operating at the same bandwidth? (Choose three.) A. Switch A - Fa0/0 B. Switch A - Fa0/1 C. Switch B - Fa0/0 D. Switch B - Fa0/1 E. Switch C - Fa0/0 F. Switch C - Fa0/1 Answer: B, C, D Explanation: This question is to check the spanning tree election problem. 1. First, select the root bridge, which can be accomplished by comparing the bridge ID, the smallest will be selected. Bridge-id= bridge priority + MAC address. The three switches in the figure all have the default priority, so we should compare the MAC address, it is easy to find that SwitchB is the root bridge. 2. Select the root port on the non-root bridge, which can be completed through comparing root path cost. The smallest will be selected as the root port. 3. Next, select the Designated Port. First, compare the path cost, if the costs happen to be the same, then compare the BID, still the smallest will be selected. Each link has a DP. Based on the exhibit above, we can find DP on each link. The DP on the link between SwitchA and SwitchC is SwitchA'Fa0/1, because it has the smallest MAC address. 100% pass

47. https://www.passquestion.com QUESTION NO: 27 Refer to the exhibit. How should the FastEthernet0/1 ports on the switches that are shown in the exhibit be configured to allow connectivity between all devices? A. The ports only need to be connected by a crossover cable. B. SwitchX(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1 SwitchX(config-if)# switchport mode trunk C. SwitchX(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1 SwitchX(config-if)# switchport mode access SwitchX(config-if)# switchport access vlan 1 D. SwitchX(config)# interface fastethernet 0/1 SwitchX(config-if)# switchport mode trunk SwitchX(config-if)# switchport trunk vlan 1 SwitchX(config-if)# switchport trunk vlan 10 SwitchX(config-if)# switchport trunk vlan 20 100% pass

48. https://www.passquestion.com Answer: B Explanation: IN order for multiple VLANs to cross switches, the connection between the switches must be a trunk. The “switchport mode trunk” command is all that is needed, the individual VLANs should not be listed over that trunk interface. QUESTION NO: 28 Refer to the exhibit. 100% pass

49. https://www.passquestion.com A frame on VLAN 1 on switch S1 is sent to switch S2 where the frame is received on VLAN 2. What causes this behavior? A. trunk mode mismatches B. allowing only VLAN 2 on the destination C. native VLAN mismatches D. VLANs that do not correspond to a unique IP subnet Answer: C Explanation: Untagged frames are encapsulated with the native VLAN. In this case, the native VLANs are different so although S1 will tag it as VLAN 1 it will be received by S2. QUESTION NO: 29 Which three statements about RSTP are true? (Choose three.) A. RSTP significantly reduces topology reconverging time after a link failure. B. RSTP expands the STP port roles by adding the alternate and backup roles. C. RSTP port states are blocking, discarding, learning, or forwarding. D. RSTP provides a faster transition to the forwarding state on point-to-point links than STP does. E. RSTP also uses the STP proposal-agreement sequence. F. RSTP uses the same timer-based process as STP on point-to-point links. Answer: A, B, D Explanation: One big disadvantage of STP is the low convergence which is very important in switched network. To overcome this problem, in 2001, the IEEE with document 802.1w introduced an evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol: Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP), which significantly reduces the convergence time after a topology change occurs in the network. While STP can take 30 to 50 seconds to transit from a blocking state to a forwarding state, RSTP is typically able to respond less than 10 seconds of a physical link failure. 100% pass

50. https://www.passquestion.com RSTP works by adding an alternative port and a backup port compared to STP. These ports are allowed to immediately enter the forwarding state rather than passively wait for the network to converge. RSTP bridge port roles: * Root port – A forwarding port that is the closest to the root bridge in terms of path cost * Designated port – A forwarding port for every LAN segment * Alternate port – A best alternate path to the root bridge. This path is different than using the root port. The alternative port moves to the forwarding state if there is a failure on the designated port for the segment. * Backup port – A backup/redundant path to a segment where another bridge port already connects. The backup port applies only when a single switch has two links to the same segment (collision domain). To have two links to the same collision domain, the switch must be attached to a hub. * Disabled port – Not strictly part of STP, a network administrator can manually disable a port. QUESTION NO: 30 At which layer of the OSI model is RSTP used to prevent loops? A. physical B. data link C. network D. transport Answer: B Explanation: RSTP and STP operate on switches and are based on the exchange of Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) between switches. One of the most important fields in BPDUs is the Bridge Priority in which the MAC address is used to elect the Root Bridge -> RSTP operates at Layer 2 – Data Link layer ->. QUESTION NO: 31 What does a Layer 2 switch use to decide where to forward a received frame? 100% pass