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Table of Contents

This chapter explores the concepts of motion, speed, velocity, and acceleration. Learn how to describe motion, calculate speed, graph motion, and understand the concept of acceleration.

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Table of Contents

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  1. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Table of Contents • Chapter Preview • 9.1 Describing Motion • 9.2 Speed and Velocity • 9.3 Acceleration • 9.4 Energy

  2. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 1. Is a moving bus a good reference point from which to measure your position? • a. No, because it is often late. • b. No, because it is not a stationary object. • c. Yes, because it is very large. • d. Yes, because it can travel very far.

  3. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 1. Is a moving bus a good reference point from which to measure your position? • a. No, because it is often late. • b. No, because it is not a stationary object. • c. Yes, because it is very large. • d. Yes, because it can travel very far.

  4. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 2. To describe a friend’s position with respect to you, you need to know • a. Your friend’s distance from you. • b. The direction your friend is facing. • c. Your friend’s distance and direction from you. • d. Your friend’s distance from a nearby object.

  5. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 2. To describe a friend’s position with respect to you, you need to know • a. Your friend’s distance from you. • b. The direction your friend is facing. • c. Your friend’s distance and direction from you. • d. Your friend’s distance from a nearby object.

  6. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 3. Two cars traveling in the same direction pass you at exactly the same time. The car that is going faster • a. moves farther in the same amount of time. • b. has more mass. • c. has the louder engine. • d. has less momentum.

  7. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 3. Two cars traveling in the same direction pass you at exactly the same time. The car that is going faster • a. moves farther in the same amount of time. • b. has more mass. • c. has the louder engine. • d. has less momentum.

  8. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 4. To describe an object’s motion, you need to know its • a. position. • b. change in position. • c. distance. • d. change in position over time.

  9. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Chapter Preview Questions • 4. To describe an object’s motion, you need to know its • a. position. • b. change in position. • c. distance. • d. change in position over time.

  10. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy • You are in a stationary car and another car passes you. How would you describe the motion of the other car? How can you describe an object’s motion?

  11. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Use Related Words After investigating the evidence, they concluded that everyone should wear a bicycle helmet. conclude v. to decide by reasoning

  12. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Use Related Words n. a series of numbers and symbols that represents a mathematical rule formula The formula for the area of a circle is A = πr2.

  13. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Use Related Words adj. the possibility that something will develop in a certain way The student who is studying chemistry is a potential chemist. potential

  14. Apply It! Choose the word from the table that best completes the sentence. The for finding the area of a rectangle is A = l x w. formula 2. After waiting for 20 minutes, he that his friend was not coming. concluded 3. The heavy rains and rising river are a problem for people who live beside the river. potential Chapter 9 Motion and Energy

  15. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy End of Chapter Preview

  16. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Section 1:Describing Motion • When is an object in motion? • What is the difference between distance and displacement?

  17. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy - Describing Motion Relative Motion • Whether or not an object is in motion depends on the reference point you choose.

  18. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Distance and Displacement • Distance is the total length of the actual path between two points. Displacement is the length and direction of a straight line between starting and ending points.

  19. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy End of Section:Describing Motion

  20. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Section 2:Speed and Velocity • When is an object in motion? • What is the difference between distance and displacement?

  21. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Speed • If you know the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time, you can calculate the speed of the object.

  22. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Graphing Motion • You can use distance-versus-time graphs to interpret motion.

  23. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Graphing Motion Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about graphing motion.

  24. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Velocity • Click the Video button to watch a movie about velocity.

  25. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy End of Section:Speed and Velocity

  26. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Section 3:Acceleration • What kind of motion does acceleration refer to? • How do you calculate acceleration? • What graphs can be used to analyze the motion of an accelerating object?

  27. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Acceleration • To determine the acceleration of an object, you must calculate its change in velocity per unit of time.

  28. As a roller-coaster car starts down a slope, its velocity is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, its velocity is 22 m/s in the same direction. What is its acceleration? Read and Understand What information have you been given? Initial velocity = 4 m/s Final velocity = 22 m/s Time = 3 s Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Acceleration

  29. As a roller-coaster car starts down a slope, its velocity is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, its velocity is 22 m/s in the same direction. What is its acceleration? Plan and Solve What quantity are you trying to calculate? The acceleration of the roller-coaster car = __ What formula contains the given quantities and the unknown quantity? Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity)/Time Perform the calculation. Acceleration = (22 m/s - 4 m/s)/3 s = 18 m/s/3s Acceleration = 6 m/s2 The acceleration is 6 m/s2 down the slope . Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Acceleration

  30. As a roller-coaster car starts down a slope, its velocity is 4 m/s. But 3 seconds later, its velocity is 22 m/s in the same direction. What is its acceleration? Look Back and Check Does your answer make sense? The answer is reasonable. If the car’s velocity increases by 6 m/s each second, its velocity will be 10 m/s after 1 second, 16 m/s after 2 seconds, and 22 m/s after 3 seconds. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Acceleration

  31. Practice Problem A falling raindrop accelerates from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 2 seconds. What is the raindrop’s acceleration? (30 m/s - 10 m/s) ÷ 2 seconds = 10 m/s2 Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Acceleration

  32. Practice Problem A certain car can accelerate from rest to 27 m/s in 9 seconds. Find the car’s acceleration. (27 m/s - 0 m/s) ÷ 9 s = 27 m/s ÷ 9 s = 3 m/s2 Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Calculating Acceleration

  33. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Graphing Acceleration • You can use both a speed-versus-time graph and a distance-versus-time graph to analyze the motion of an accelerating object.

  34. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Links on Acceleration • Click the SciLinks button for links on acceleration.

  35. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy End of Section:Acceleration

  36. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Section 4:Energy • What factors affect an object’s kinetic energy and potential energy? • How can kinetic energy and potential energy be transformed? • What is the law of conservation of energy?

  37. An exponent tells how many times a number is used as a factor. For example, 3 x 3 can be written as 32. You read this number as “three squared.” In the formula for kinetic energy, speed is squared. For example, you can calculate the kinetic energy of a 70-kg person moving at a speed of 2 m/s by using the formula below. KE = ½ x Mass x Speed2 = ½ x 70 kg x (2 m/s) 2 = 140 kg•m2/s2 or 140 joules. Note: 1 kg•m2/s2 = 1 joule Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Exponents

  38. Practice Problem What is the kinetic energy of a 30-kg rock moving at a speed of 10 m/s? 1,500 joules Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Exponents

  39. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Kinetic Energy • Kinetic energy increases as mass and speed increase.

  40. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Potential Energy • Gravitational potential energy increases as weight and height increase.

  41. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Transformations BetweenPotential and Kinetic Energy • A pendulum continuously transforms energy from kinetic to potential energy and back.

  42. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Energy Transformations Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about energy transformations.

  43. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Links on Energy • Click the SciLinks button for links on energy.

  44. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy Links on Forms of Energy • Click the SciLinks button for links on forms of energy.

  45. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy End of Section:Energy

  46. Chapter 9 Motion and Energy QuickTake Quiz • Click to start quiz.

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