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NS4301 Political Economy of Africa Rwanda Trip Report

This trip report provides an overview of Rwanda's history, economy, and potential threats to its stability, including foreign involvement, aid removal, and land disputes. Learn about the country's post-genocide economic recovery and Vision 2020 goals.

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NS4301 Political Economy of Africa Rwanda Trip Report

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  1. NS4301Political Economy of AfricaRwanda Trip Report

  2. Rwanda

  3. Rwanda

  4. Rwandan Facts • Official Name: Republic of Rwanda • Capital: Kigali • President: Paul Kagame (2000) • Government: Republic • Currency: Rwandan Franc (RWF) • Language(s): English, French, Kinyarwanda • Religion: Catholic (57%); Protestant (26%); Adventist (11%) • Population: 12.6M (CAO Aug 2015)

  5. History • 1860: Rwabugira first known king • 1894: Count von Götzen first European to reach Rwanda • Germans annex modern-day Rwanda & Burundi w/ Tanzania for Kaiser Wilhelm; territory called Ruanda-Urundi (RU) • 1914: Germany invades Belgium under Schlieffen Plan • 1916: Belgians retaliate by taking RU • 1924: League of Nations mandates RU to Belgians • Control given to Tutsi aristocracy • 1933: Racial ID cards • 1957: Hutu Manifesto published

  6. History (con’t) • 1962: Rwanda gains independence • Gregoire Kayibanda (Party for Hutu Emancipation) elected Pres. • 1973: Juvénal Habyarimana takes over as Pres • -Develops policy that Tutsi refugees no longer welcomed in 1986 • 1987: RPF formed in Uganda; commitment to overthrow Habyarimana • 1990: In Oct, RPF crosses border to overthrow gov’t; leads to Rwandan civil war • 1993: In Aug, Arusha Accords signed • Refugees allowed to come back across the border • 1994: 06 Apr shootdown of plane carrying Habyarimana & Pres of Burundi

  7. Rwandan Genocide

  8. Rwandan Genocide

  9. Rwandan Genocide

  10. Rwandan Genocide

  11. Rwandan Genocide • RPF defeats guerillas and take control of Kigali in July ‘94 • Millions of Rwandan refugees in DRC, Tanzania & Burundi • Sporadic violence throughout 1990s • Stop division among ethnic lines & unite as Rwandans

  12. Post-Genocide Econ Recovery • Vision 2020 • Goal: Transform Rwanda’s agriculture-based economy into a middle class income country ($900 per capita annually from $290) based on information technology; reduction of poverty rate to 30% and increase life expectancy to 55 • Vision 2020 Pillars • Good governance and a capable state • Human resource development and a knowledge-based economy • A private sector-led economy • Infrastructure development • Productive and Market Oriented Agriculture • Regional and International Economic Integration

  13. Human Resource Development • Literacy Rate: 70.5% • Male: 73% • Female: 68% • Health • Infant Mortality Rate: 5.8% • Life expectancy: 60 years • Doctors: .06 per 1000 people (CAO 2010) • Economic Well-Being • 45% of population lives below poverty line • Millennium Development Goals (MDG) • Rwanda is ranked first among 48 African countries in achieving MDGs

  14. Human Resource Development

  15. Rwanda GDP per capita

  16. Annual GDP Growth (%)

  17. Internet Users (per 100 people)

  18. Infrastructure Development • Rwandans can access running water w/in 1 km of their home • Foreign involvement

  19. Infrastructure Development

  20. Infrastructure Development

  21. Infrastructure Development

  22. Potential Threats to Stability • Burundi & DRC Socio/Political Environment • Aid Removal • 40% of budget based on foreign-aid assistance • Rwandan support of M23 rebels & human rights abuses in DRC • Land disputes • 77% of Rwandans are subsistence farmers • Returning refugees & land ownership (90% of court cases)

  23. Questions

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