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ACOUSTIC THEORY

ACOUSTIC THEORY. WAVE VELOCITY ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION REFRACTION RADIATION ATTENUATION. ACOUSTIC WAVE VELOCITY Sound velocity, speed of sound (SOS) Depend on the medium/material properties c solid > c liquid > c gas. = specific heat ratio

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ACOUSTIC THEORY

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  1. ACOUSTIC THEORY • WAVE VELOCITY • ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE • REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION • REFRACTION • RADIATION • ATTENUATION

  2. ACOUSTIC WAVE VELOCITY • Sound velocity, speed of sound (SOS) • Depend on the medium/material properties • csolid > cliquid > cgas • = specific heat ratio o = mass density Pp = pressure Gases : B = modulus bulk  = compressibility Liquids : Y = Young modulus  = Poisson ratio Solids :

  3. ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE • Defined by the ratio of acoustic pressure and particle velocity • Z =  c Wave velocity and acoustic impedance in gases

  4. Wave velocity and acoustic impedance in liquids

  5. Wave velocity and acoustic impedance in solids

  6. REFLECTION AND TRANSMISSION Pt Pi Pr First medium Z1 Z2 Second medium R = Reflection factor T = Transmission factor

  7. Acoustic Intensity : R = Power reflection coefficient T = Power reflection coefficient

  8. REFRACTION Pi Pt r t x i Pr First medium Z1 Z2 Second Medium Critical angle :

  9. WAVE RADIATION N D  Fresnel zone Fraunhofer zone N = Near field length D = Transducer diameter  = Wave length

  10. ATTENUATION x Io I Io = Initial intensity I = Intensity after propagation  = Coefficient of attenuation

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