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Evolution from GMS to UMTS

Evolution from GMS to UMTS. GSM Network Architecture. A GSM network is made up of multiple components and interfaces that facilitate sending and receiving of signaling and traffic messages . It is a collection of transceivers, controllers, switches, routers, and registers.

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Evolution from GMS to UMTS

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  1. Evolution from GMS to UMTS

  2. GSM Network Architecture • A GSM network is made up of multiple components and interfaces that facilitate sending and receiving of signaling and traffic messages. • It is a collection of transceivers, controllers, switches, routers, and registers.

  3. Mobile Station (MS) • Mobile Equipment (ME) This refers to the physical phone itself. The phone must be able to operate on a GSM network. • Each phone is uniquely identified by the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) number. • This number is burned into the phone by the manufacture

  4. Mobile Station (MS) • Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) - The SIM is a small smart card that is inserted into the phone and carries information specific to the subscriber

  5. Base Transceiver Station (BTS) • The BTS is the Mobile Station's access point to the network. • It is responsible for carrying out radio communications between the network and the MS •  It handles speech encoding, encryption, multiplexing (TDMA)

  6. Base Transceiver Station (BTS) • One BTS usually covers a single 120 degree sector of an area. Usually a tower with 3 BTSs will accomodate all 360 degrees around the tower • A BTS is assigned a Cell Identity • The cell identity is 16-bit number (double octet) that identifies that cell in a particular Location Area.

  7. Cell vs. sector Cell identity Sector

  8. Um Interface • The interface between the MS and the BTS is known as the Um Interface or the Air Interface.

  9. Base Station Controller (BSC) • Base Station Controller (BSC) - The BSC controls multiple BTSs. • It handles allocation of radio channels, frequency administration, power and signal measurements from the MS, and handovers from one BTS to another (if both BTSs are controlled by the same BSC)

  10. Abis Interface • The interface between the BTS and the BSC is known as the Abis Interface

  11. Base Station System • The Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and the Base Station Controller (BSC) together make up the Base Station System (BSS).

  12. Mobile Switching Center (MSC) • Mobile Switching Center (MSC) - The MSC is the heart of the GSM netowrk. It handles call routing, call setup, and basic switching functions. An MSC handles multiple BSCs and also interfaces with other MSC's and registers. It also handles iner-BSC handoffs as well as coordinates with other MSC's for inter-MSC handoffs

  13. Mobile Switching Center (MSC)

  14. A Interface • The interface between the BSC and the MSC is known as the A Interface

  15. E Interface • The interface between two Mobile Switching Centers (MSC) is called the E Interface

  16. Gateway Mobile Switching Center • There is another important type of MSC, called a Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC). • The GMSC functions as a gateway between two networks. • If a mobile subscriber wants to place a call to a regular landline, then the call would have to go through a GMSC in order to switch to the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

  17. Example • For example, if a subscriber on the Cingular network wants to call a subscriber on a T-Mobile network, the call would have to go through a GMSC.

  18. Home Location Register (HLR) and Visitor Location Register (VLR) • Home Location Register (HLR) - The HLR is a large database that permanently stores data about subscribers • Visitor Location Register (VLR) - The VLR is a database that contains a subset of the information located on the HLR. It contains similar information as the HLR, but only for subscribers currently in its Location Area.

  19. Interfaces • The interface between the MSC and the VLR is known as the B Interface and the interface between the VLR and the HLR is known as the D Interface. The interface between two VLRs is called the G Interface

  20. Equipment Identity Register (EIR) • Equipment Identity Register (EIR) - The EIR is a database that keeps tracks of handsets on the network using the IMEI. There is only one EIR per network. It is composed of three lists. The white list, the gray list, and the black list.  • The interface between the MSC and the EIR is called the F Interface.

  21. Authentication Center (Auc) • Authentication Center (AuC) - The AuC handles the authentication and encryption tasks for the network

  22. Full GSM Architecture

  23. The GMS NETWORK For data + call There is some problem in this architecture ?

  24. UMTS Architecture

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