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Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Food Production and Ecosystem Health

Explore the impact of human population growth on agriculture, the importance of sustainability, and the consequences of monoculture. Learn how pesticides and DDT affect ecosystems and species, with a focus on soil erosion and water contamination. Discover the role of Rachel Carson's book "Silent Spring" and the birth of the environmental movement. Understand the challenges of balancing food production with environmental preservation to ensure a sustainable future for all.

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Sustainable Agriculture: Balancing Food Production and Ecosystem Health

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  1. AGRICULTURE and HUMAN IMPACT on theBIOSPHEREChapter 6

  2. HUMAN POPULATION You are here http://www.learner.org/jnorth/spring2002/species/spring/Update041902.html#Humankind

  3. https://mycupofcareisempty.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/overpopulation.gifhttps://mycupofcareisempty.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/overpopulation.gif WORLD POPULATION World clock • Current world population is just over _____________ • Estimates predict it will reach 9 billion by 2050 7 BILLION http://www.peopleandplanet.net/

  4. Does this look familiar? What is the Earth’scarrying capacity? ?

  5. SUSTAINABILITY How can we grow enough food for all the people on the planet without destroying the environment? http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/ http://ejcw.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/640x360-ag-runoff.jpg

  6. Importance of Agriculture food shortages By middle of 20th century, despite agricultural advances there were ________________in many parts of the world. Governments and scientists began a major effort to ___________ food production http://www.enjoy.org/hstech/HungerSite02/america/FordSchwartz/ increase

  7. GREEN __________ REVOLUTION strains • New plant ________ had higher yield & resisted pests 2. Modern farming__________ allowed planting larger areas 3. Chemical ___________ & ___________ boosted crop production and controlled pests techniques fertilizers pesticides http://interactive.usask.ca/ski/media/stills/agriculture/crops/t_plant-breeder.jpg http://www.wfbf.com/media_center/photo_gallery/Soybean%20combine.jpg

  8. HOW DO WE GROW MORE FOOD? Large fields are planted with a single variety year after year = ____________ MONOCULTURE http://imagesource.allposters.com/images/NGSPOD04/107870.jpg

  9. MONOCULTURE Allows farmers to grow large quantities of food BUT . . . http://agronomyday.cropsci.illinois.edu/2003/csrec-welcome/aeriel-view.jpg

  10. But . . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS __________ increase yield BUT . . . RUNOFF can cause algal blooms and ____________ Fertilizers DEAD ZONES http://www.biology-blog.com/images/blogs/10-2007/fertilizer-15101.gif

  11. But . . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS ________ kill insects that damage crops BUT . . . they kill ________ insects too Pesticides beneficial Bees Hand pollination http://cms1.good.is/posts/full_1289265646pesticides.jpg http://www.fllt.org/content/uploads/2014/12/1-Honey-Bee-001.jpg

  12. DDT Example: _____ was first modern insecticide It was cheap, stayed active for long time, and killed many different insects Used to control agriculture pests and disease carrying _______________ MOSQUITOES http://www.michigan.gov/images/mosquito_65147_7.jpg

  13. http://www.ci.cypress.ca.us/public_works/stormwater_images/kids_watershed.jpghttp://www.ci.cypress.ca.us/public_works/stormwater_images/kids_watershed.jpg When DDT was sprayed, runoff carried it into rivers and streams in LOW concentrations. http://www.geocities.com/~greyhawk_1/sh_eagle-9.jpg DDT then passes into organisms through the ___________, is stored in _______, and doesn’t ___________. http://www.geocities.com/~greyhawk_1/sh_eagle-9.jpg food chains tissues degrade

  14. BIOLOGICALMAGNIFICATION concentration increases ______________________________ = the ____________ of a harmful substance ____________as it passes to organisms at _______________levels in food chain or web. higher trophic Plants pick up DDT from water & store it Herbivores eat plants and storesome DDT Carnivores eat herbivores and store more DDT → →

  15. The wide spread use of DDT threatened many species… especially fish eating birds like osprey, brown pelican, and bald eagles. DDT causes birds to lay eggs with ___________ shells so eggs would break when sat on. American Bald Eagle was declared endangered in 1967. It has since been reclassified as _____________________ http://image10.webshots.com/11/3/94/67/2146394670011493049pwlCDV_ph.jpg fragile “threatened”

  16. http://www.kimball.k12.sd.us/Heroes%20Web%20Page/Pictures/Rachel%20Carson.jpghttp://www.kimball.k12.sd.us/Heroes%20Web%20Page/Pictures/Rachel%20Carson.jpg In 1962, American biologist _______________ published the book,_____________ which told of DDT’s harmful effects. The book led to a large public outcry and eventually resulted in DDT being _________ in the United States in the 1970’s The book was one of the important events in the birth of the _________________________. Rachel Carson Silent Spring banned environmental movement

  17. But . . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS Wearing away of topsoil = _________ is caused by plowing land and removing plant roots Soil erosion http://coweeta.ecology.uga.edu/coweeta_photographs/erosion.htm

  18. But . . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/02075/COW_2075448c.jpg ________ from feedlots and fieldscan contaminate surface and ground water ____________ happens to clear trees forbeef farms Raising cows uses lots of ______ and releases ________ into the atmosphere increasing climate change. Runoff Deforestation water methane

  19. Desertification Impact of Agriculture ______________ = changing of fertile land in dry climates into desert areas caused by farming, overgrazing, and drought http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pao2Oe2O_W0/U5F99ppqiII/AAAAAAAAAlY/rlbQFoR4b2c/s1600/invisible+fences+1.jpg

  20. But . . . HAS HUGE IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS Many Midwest states rely on the _________ aquifer for their water needs. We are using water faster than the ______cycle can replace it. Evidence indicates this aquifer may _________ within 20-40 years. OGALLALA water run dry http://www.suu.edu/faculty/bowman/Econ1740/HeilbronerZinn/ogallala_aquifer_map_pic_2.gif

  21. FRESH WATER RESOURCES Americans use BILLIONS of gallons of freshwater daily for ________, ________ and ___________________ drinking washing watering crops http://www.thesolutionsite.com/lesson/4601/freshwater.jpg

  22. HOW DO WE HELP? technology Modern_________ is changing how farmers farm and lessening the impact on the environment. EX: __________ imaging _____ technology enable farmers to only apply chemicals where__________ Satellite GPS needed

  23. HOW DO WE FIX IT? “No-till” soil erosion ________ keeps plant residue in fieldsReduces __________ and protects ecosystems from runoff http://cbarc.aes.oregonstate.edu/images/no-till.jpg

  24. HOW DO WE FIX IT? Cover crops Planting legumes, alfalfa, grasses and other __________keeps plants on soil between food crops - reduces __________ and protects ecosystems from runoff - reduces ______ - reduces need for fertilizer soil erosion weeds

  25. HOW DO WE FIX IT? Crop rotation ______________ alternates what is crops are planted each year. - helps control ________ without pesticides - alternating with __________ replenishes soil nutrients without fertilizer insects legumes

  26. HOW DO WE FIX IT? Controlled grazing ________________ = managing graze periods and herd densities - improves nutrient cycling - retains water - ________ desertification prevents http://www.uaex.edu/farm-ranch/animals-forages/images/006.jpg

  27. HOW DO WE FIX IT? Biological __________ pest control uses natural predators like insects or spiders to kill insects instead of chemical pesticides http://static.dudeiwantthat.com/img/outdoors/garden/1500-live-ladybugs-11829.jpg

  28. HOW DO WE FIX IT? Contour plowing _______________ = on hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down - prevents soil _______ from runoff erosion http://images.slideplayer.com/24/7068759/slides/slide_25.jpg

  29. HOW DO WE HELP ? • Water conservation • Protect wetlands and forests • Water treatment plants • Clean water regulations hhttp://www.romanviii.co.uk/bp/nhpage.asp?pcat=about_us

  30. WAYS TO CONSERVE WATER http://www.watersavingtips.org/images/saving_1.jpg

  31. WHAT CAN YOU DO? LESS - Eat _____ meat - Don’t ______ food ~ 1/3 of all food produced worldwide, ($1 trillion) gets lost or wasted ~ US avg: 20 lbs/person/month wasted Per capita/year waste Food waste http://teacherweb.com/CA/NogalesHighSchool/mespinoza/fig50EnergyPyramid.jpg http://languagesoftheworld.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Meat-consumption-World.jpg

  32. WHAT CAN YOU DO? INVISIBLE • Be aware of ___________ water Water the is used to produce productsthat we don’t know or don’t think about The PRODUCTION OF: 1 kg wheat costs 1,300 L water 1 kg rice costs 3,400 L water 1 kg eggs costs 3,300 L water 1 kg beef costs 15,000 L water 1 cotton shirt costs 2,500 L water 1000 g of blue jeans costs 10,850 liters water 1 ton passenger car costs 400,000 liters of water Building a house uses about 6 million liters of water Change the way you think Change the way you think about your laptop

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