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Complex Processes and Life Cycle of Precipitation

Explore the intricate chain of processes involved in the formation and life cycle of precipitation. Investigate the influence of orography on convection initiation and the development of multi-cell and mesoscale convective systems. Study the potential triggering of embedded convection by topography. Required instruments include sounding, radar, rain gauges, and more.

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Complex Processes and Life Cycle of Precipitation

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  1. Status of working groupPrecipitation Processes and Live cycleMartin HagenDLR Oberpfaffenhofen

  2. Precipitation observed at ground is the result of a long chain of complex processes Aerosols Condensation Nucleation Riming Temperature CN Ice density IN Falling Radiation Pressure Convection Aggregation Wind field Advection Freezing Melting Convergence Humidity Coagulation Water vapour Cloud cover Orography Hydrology Soil moisture Precipitation Evaporation Land use Vegetation

  3. Interaction with other working groups WG Convection Initiation WG Precipitation Processes and Lifecycle WG Aerosol & Cloud Microph. WG Data Assimilation

  4. Scientific questions • Orography can trigger the development of cells, however, it is open whether convection is suppressed in the subsiding flow in the lee of hills. • The life cycle of single cells can be modulated by orography, but it is open whether orography like Vosges Mountains or Black Forest can have a significant influence on the formation and propagation of multi- or super-cells or even mesoscale convective systems. • How significant is this influence if the cells have been already formed before they interact with orography? • Can embedded convection be triggered by topography. Formerly stably stratified precipitation may be destabilized by the forced uplift through mountains.

  5. Required Instruments • Sounding (radio sondes, drop sondes) • Wind profilers, Sodars • Cloud radar • Doppler weather radar • Polarization weather radar • Rain gauges • Vertical pointing rain radar • Disdrometer • Airborne particle observations

  6. Observation Strategy • Sounding (radio sondes, drop sondes) • Wind profilers, Sodars • Cloud radar • Doppler weather radar • Polarization weather radar • Rain gauges • Vertical pointing rain radar • Disdrometer • Airborne particle observations Mapping of the environment(hourly) Mapping of cloud prior to precipitation development (volumes every 5-10 minutes) Mapping of dynamics and microphysics (volumes every 5-10 minutes) Continuous operation Storm penetration at -10 to -20°C height(frequent at graupel initiation and electrification phase)

  7. Set up of instruments 3rd COPS WS April 2006 4 • AMF • Micropulse lidar, cloud radar, sondes) • IfT lidars (aerosol and Doppler) • LMU microwave radiometers • Hornisgrinde (UHOH lidars, FZK doppler lidar and cloud radar) • Polirad • 2 radiosonde stations • UNIBAS Raman lidar • MICCY radiometer • 5 MMRs (4 Hamburg, 1 FZK) • Ka-band cloud radar (Hamburg ) • X-band radar (Hamburg) • 2 sodars (FZK), 1 Freiburg, 1 Bayreuth • MWRP from Potenza • Wind profiler (FZK) • S-Pol • TARA cloud radar • UK • 3 doppler lidars, 3 sodars, • wind profiler • Radiosonde • French systems • X-band radar • MRR (1) • Radiosonde • Wind profiler • Sodar • Raman lidar • Aerosol lidar • CNR lidars (WV Raman lidar and aerosol lidar) • Vienna • Radiosonde • MRR • Sodar • UHOH X-band radar • Swiss water vapor radiometer 10,19 4 15(1) 11,17,18(2,3) 7 2,9 13 10 1,7 10 7 3 5,6,7,12,14,15 15(1) 7 10,16(1) 8,16(2-7),20 18(1) 4 „Perfect world“ scenario Supersite1 in red, 2 in blue, 3 in brown, 4 in green

  8. Weather radar network • DWD + Karlsruhe radars are operated continuously(volume 10 min update). • S-Pol + Poldirad (volume 10 minute update anticipated). • Vertical scans (RHI) in predefined directions.

  9. Polarimetric radar and MRR transect • Observation of the modification of the RDSD by orography. MRR_1 MRR_3 MRR_2 MRR_4

  10. Next steps • State of participitation of S-PolKa ? • Location for POLDIRAD and S-PolKa ?(S-PolKa 6 weeks, POLDIRAD 3 months) • Location of supersites (S1, S2, S3, S4) • Update list of other instruments- GOP precipitation instruments- SOP precipitation instruments • Refine location of precipitation instruments (with respect to radars and supersites) • What output is required for data assimilation ?

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