Introduction to: World war I the Holocaust World War II

1. Introduction to: World war I the HolocaustWorld War II

2. How did it all begin?? • http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i-officially-ends/videos#causes-of-world-war-i • Archduke Franz Ferdinand:  He was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian empire his assassination by a Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand, on 28 June 1914 sparked the First World War. The assassination provided Austria-Hungary with an excuse to take action against Serbia. • France, Great Britain, and Russia • Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire • http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-war-i/countries-involved.html

3. What ends WW1? • http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i-officially-ends/videos#treaty-of-versailles-end-world-war-i • The Treaty of Versailles

4. The Rise of the Nazi Party • World War I ends in 1918 with the Treaty of Versailles. • Germany becomes humiliated with the ‘laws’ put upon the country by the Treaty of Versailles: • Nearly half of its conquered land was redistributed • German army could not have more than 100,000 men and NO tanks • Germany could not have an air force, and its navy was limited (couldn’t even have submarines!) • Germany even had to admit full responsibility for starting the war as well as pay reparations

5. The Rise Continued… • Nazi Party begins in 1919 as a gang of unemployed soldiers who blamed losing WWI on Jews and Communists. • Adolf Hitler joins the Nazis and rises to power because of his powerfully captivating speeches and impressive leadership skills • http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007671

6. Nazification and the Start of War • Hitler goes against the Treaty of Versailles and starts to re-arm its army. At the same time, he makes peace talks with neighboring countries as a front. • Hitler begins an aggressive search for more land to stretch his power (Britain, France, and Russia allow Germany to take Austria and parts of Czechoslovakia to avoid another war) • World War II officially begins September 1, 1939 when the Nazi party invades Poland

7. Timeline of Holocaust Events • 1914-1918 WWI • 1918-1933 Rise of the Nazi Party • 1933-1939 Nazification and the Start of War • 1939-1941 The Ghettos • 1942-1944 The Camps • 1942-1944 Resistance • 1944-1945 Rescue and Liberation • 1945-2000 The Aftermath

8. During World War II, the Nazi party of Germany, led by Adolf Hitler, systematically killed more than 6 million people. What does systematically mean?

9. Definitions • Systematically: attention to detail involving a system, method, or plan. • Genocide: the deliberate and systematic extermination of a national, racial, political, or cultural group. • Holocaust: the genocide of European Jews, the disabled, Gypsies, criminals, homosexuals, and other groups by Nazis during World War II • Allied: countries that went against the Germany and the Axis powers (like Britain and the United States). • Axis: countries that sided with Germany and Hitler.

10. The Ghettos • Ghettos were poor sections of cities, surrounded by barbed wire and guards where Jewish residents were forced to move when Hitler came to power. • In 1933, over 9 million Jews lived in Europe (1.7% of the total population) • Ghettos were not a “Hitler-invention”. • Hitler’s ghettos were the first step along the way to the “Final Solution”

11. The Camps • The Nazi party used concentration, forced labor, extermination, transit, and prisoner of war camps throughout the war; all of which had horrible living conditions • Some of those imprisoned include: Jews, homosexuals, clergymen, Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, criminals, POWs, and those opposed to Nazism • http://0.tqn.com/d/history1900s/1/0/D/6/EasternEurope3.JPG • http://go.fold3.com/holocaust_camps/

12. The Camps • There were 6 death or extermination camps in Poland (Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, Lublin, and Chelmno) • Terezin held mostly children • 15,000 children went through this camp; only 132 survived

13. D-Day • Began on June 6, 1944. • The landing included over 5,000 ships, 11,000 airplanes, and over 150,000 service men.

 • “After years of meticulous planning and seemingly endless training, for the Allied Forces, it all came down to this: The boat ramp goes down, then jump, swim, run, and crawl to the cliffs. Many of the first young men (most not yet 20 years old) entered the surf carrying eighty pounds of equipment. They faced over 200 yards of beach before reaching the first natural feature offering any protection” (D-Day Overview).

14. Resistance and Liberation • Resistance took many forms (armed and unarmed) • Allied troops stumble upon the camps • General Eisenhower insisted on documenting what the troops found in order to inform future generations • Allied forces made neighboring people look at what they had lived next to for years

15. End of the wWII • WWII ended in 1945 when the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. • http://www.history.com/videos/atomic-bomb-ends-wwII#atomic-bomb-ends-wwII • This was the first use of nuclear warfare in a war: • Little Boy and Fat Man • A-bomb and H-bomb

16. Hitler's Body • April 30th 1945 Adolf Hitler and his wife Eva killed themselves and order Propaganda Minister, Joseph Goebbels to burn their body. After burning their bodies Goebbels later committed suicide.

17. Aftermath • After the war ended, there were two major issues to be resolved • Punishment for the terrible deeds of party leaders • Re-locating the people who lost their homes during war • The United Nations assisted in finding homes for those displaced during the war • The Nuremberg Trials provided a place to try some of the most infamous members of the Nazi Party

18. WHAT Happened to the Nazis after the war?? • They were outlawed and many of the top officials were convicted of war crimes related to the massive number of murders. • Nuremburg Trials • http://www.theholocaustexplained.org/ks3/survival-and-legacy/the-perpetrators/#.UszNcbRW2So

19. References • http://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/timeline/timeline.htm • http://www.ushmm.org http://www.history.com/