1 / 28

GHP06, Nashville, TN 23 Oct 2006

New measurements of the EMC effect in few-body nuclei John Arrington, Physics Division, Argonne Second meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadron Physics. GHP06, Nashville, TN 23 Oct 2006. Overview. Nuclear structure functions and EMC effects Review of measurements Limitations in the data

robyn
Download Presentation

GHP06, Nashville, TN 23 Oct 2006

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. New measurements of the EMC effect in few-body nuclei John Arrington, Physics Division, ArgonneSecond meeting of the APS Topical Group on Hadron Physics GHP06, Nashville, TN 23 Oct 2006

  2. Overview • Nuclear structure functions and EMC effects • Review of measurements • Limitations in the data • JLab E03-103 • Status of the analysis • Preliminary results and future plans

  3. Nuclear structure functions and the EMC effect • Structure functions related to nuclear quark distributions • Non-trivial nuclear dependence (“EMC effect”) observed by EMC, BCDMS, SLAC experiments • Much larger than effect expected from Fermi motion • Significant (20+%) deviations between heavy nuclei and deuterium • Universal dependence on xBj • Shadowing : x<0.1 • Anti-shadowing: 0.1<x<0.3 • EMC effect x>0.3 • Size of the effect varies with A E139 (Fe)EMC (Cu)BCDMS (Fe)

  4. EMC effect: Large x region • SLAC E139 • Most precise data for large x region • Nuclei from A=4 to 197 • Conclusions • Independent of Q2 • Universal x-dependence (shape) for all A • Magnitude varies with A • Scales with ave. density • Scales with A • Limitations • Poor precision at large x • Limited data for low A

  5. EMC effect: Easy to explain (too easy?) • Many “exotic” explanations • Fermi motion insufficient • Dynamical rescaling, nuclear pions, multi-quark clusters, medium modification to nucleon structure, etc… • More careful treatment of “conventional” effects • Reexamination of binding effects • Effects of nucleon correlations • Unique explanation? • Most models could provide an EMC-like effect • Some could explain only part of the observed effect • Many appeared inconsistent with other measurements such as Drell-Yan or limits on medium modification • Others fully explained the data without any contribution from binding.

  6. EMC effect: Conventional vs. exotic • More systematic understanding necessary • Fermi motion and binding are clearly important, and must be included in any evaluation of “exotic” effects Benhar, Pandharipande, and Sick, Phys. Lett. B469, 19 (1999) • A reliable binding calculation will tell us if we’re need a new explanation for THIS or THIS • Binding calculations must be evaluated against high-x data, which is dominated by Fermi motion and binding • Current data is limited at large x, where one can evaluate binding models, and low-A, where uncertainties due to nuclear structure are smallest

  7. EMC effect: Importance of few-body nuclei • Calculations predict different x-dependence for 3He and 4He • Different models predict different x-dependence • Some models predict different shapes for 3He and 4He • Smaller nuclear structure uncertainties • Sensitive to A-dependence • Scaling EMC effect with <r> very different from A • Data lower quality • Lower precision for 4He • No data at large x for 3He

  8. EMC effect: JLab E03-103 • JLab E03-103: JA and D. Gaskell, spokespersons, Jason Seely and Aji Daniel – thesis students • Measured structure function for 1H, 2H, 3He, 4He, Be, C, Al, Cu, and Au • High density 3,4He cryotargets allow improved statistics and systematics compared to SLAC E139 • Lower Q2 allows access to large-x region, but only for W2<4 GeV2 SLAC fit to heavy nuclei (scaled to 3He) 3He and 4He calculations by Pandharipande and Benhar HERMES dataE03103 projected uncertainty

  9. Q2¼ 4 GeV2 1.3 < W2 < 2.8 GeV2 EMC effect: Scaling at lower Q2, W2 • Measurement is not entirely in usual DIS region (W2>4 GeV2) • DIS-scaling behavior has been observed to extend to lower Q2, W2 in nuclei • Yields resonance region EMC ratios identical to DIS results • Can be understood as consequence of quark-hadron duality • E03-103 data at higher Q2, with precise measurement of Q2 dependence B.W.Filippone, et al., PRC45:1582 (1992) JA, et al., PRC64:014602 (2001) W.Melnitchouk, R. Ent, and C. Keppel, Phys. Rept. 406:127 (2005) JA, et al., PRC73:035205 (2006)

  10. E03-103: Experimental details Main improvement over SLAC due to improved He targets: JLab E03-103 0.5-0.7% 0.4% 1.0% SLAC E139 1.0-1.2% 1.4% 2.1% Source of uncertainty Statistics *Density fluctuations Absolute density *- sizeof correction is 8% at 4 uA vs. 4% at 80 uA Main drawback is lower beam energy Requires larger scattering angle to reach same Q2 • Larger p- contamination • Large charge-symmetric background • Larger Coulomb distortion corrections Ratio of e+ to e- production

  11. E03-103: Analysis status • Ran in Hall C at Jefferson Lab, summer/fall of 2004 (EMC and x>1) • Cross section extraction • Calibrations, efficiency corrections, background subtraction completed • Finalizing model-dependence in radiative corrections, bin centering, etc… • Investigating Coulomb distortion corrections (heavy nuclei) • EMC Ratios • Isoscalar EMC correction (requires sn/sp)

  12. E03-103: Carbon EMC ratio Preliminary results, 12C/2H ratio compared to SLAC and EMC

  13. E03-103: Carbon EMC ratio • Data taken for 12C and 2H at ten Q2 setting • Measure Q2 dependence of the nuclear structure functions • Verify Q2 independence of the EMC ratios • Extracted EMC ratio for Carbon for the five highest Q2 settings 21435 Data show no indication of Q2 dependence, even at the lowest values of Q2, W2 shown

  14. E03-103: Helium-4 EMC ratio Preliminary results, 4He/2H ratio compared to SLAC Results consistent with SLAC fit to A=12 (using A-dependent fit) Consistent with density-dependent fit to A=4

  15. E03-103: Comparison of Carbon and Helium-4 Preliminary results, 4He/2H and12C/2H ratios 12C/4He ratio compared to previous 12C EMC ratios

  16. 4He 12C E03-103: Comparison of Carbon and Helium-4 12C much heavier than 4He, but has similar average density Preliminary results for 4He/2H and12C/2H ratios favor density-dependent EMC effect

  17. E03-103: Helium-3 EMC ratio Preliminary results, 3He EMC ratio compared to HERMES Blue is uncorrected 3He/2H ratio Green includes correction for proton excess in 3He (isoscalar EMC ratio) Larger EMC effect than most models Different x-dependence than calculations, heavier nuclei Might suggest larger EMC effect than expected for deuterium However, result isvery sensitive to isoscalar correction

  18. E03-103: Helium-3 EMC ratio • Bad news: • Large correction (5-20%) to extract isoscalar ratio • SLAC, NMC fits to sn/sp yield corrections that differ by 2-4% for x<0.6; difference changes sign at large x • Good news: • 197Au correction is roughly equal but has opposite sign; constrain combination of sn/sp and A-dependence of EMC[Working on Coulomb corrections, and checks on radiative corrections for heavy nuclei] • 3He/(2H+1H) ratio less sensitive to neutron cross section

  19. Summary, and more to come… • Preliminary results from E03-103 • EMC effect nearly identical for 4He and 12C • Indications of a large EMC effect in 3He • Ratios independent of Q2 down to quite low Q2 values • Results on the way • More reliable 3He isoscalar ratios, ratios to proton+deuteron • EMC ratios for Be, C, Al, Cu, Au – emphasis on large x region • Absolute cross sections for 1H, 2H, 3He, 4He • Test models of sn/sp + nuclear effects in few-body nuclei • E02-019: absolute cross sections for x>1 for 2H, 3He, 4He • More detailed, quantitative studies of the Q2 dependence • Structure functions • Ratios

  20. Scaling of the nuclear structure functions F2(x,Q2) consistent with QCD evolution in Q2 for low x values (x<0.5) Huge scaling violations at large x (especially for x>1) F2(x,Q2) consistent with QCD evolution in Q2 to much larger x values Scaling violations are mostly the “target-mass” corrections (plus a clear contribution from the QE peak)  Nearly independent of A

  21. Scaling of the nuclear structure functions • Low Q2 JLab data (from E89-008, 4 GeV) are consistent with extrapolated structure function from high Q2 SLAC data [ fixed dln(F2)/dln(Q2) ] • Above x=0.65, there is a large gap between JLab, SLAC data, but there are indications of scaling up to x=0.75 • Our data fill in the gap up to x¼0.75, show indications of scaling up to x¼0.9

  22. EMC ratios as a function ofxand x • EMC ratios vs x and x • Small differencefor x<.4 • SLAC E139 and JLab E03-103 have similar range in Q2, nearly identical difference between x, x JLab E03-103 SLAC E139

  23. Isoscalar corrections: 3He and 197Au • F2n/F2p from SLAC, CTEQ, NMC (bottom) • Correction to 3He (top right) and 197Au (bottom right)

  24. Nuclear Structure: High Momentum Nucleons • Short-range structure in nuclei [E02-019 (Arrington)] • Inclusive quasielastic scattering from nuclei at x>1 • Study distribution of extremely high momentum nucleons (>1 GeV/c) in 2H, 3He, 4He, and heavy nuclei • Goal is to understand high-momentum components and map out strength of Short Range Correlations (SRCs) in nuclei • Important part of nuclear structure, relevant to topics in nuclear and particle physics: neutron star structure, medium modification in sub-threshold hadron production, and n-A interactions in supernovae, in neutrino oscillation experiments, and in q13 measurements • Ran in 2004, data analysis in progress

  25. Projected 3He uncertainties HERMES Properties of Bound Nucleons: EMC effect • Medium modification: The EMC effect • Clear observation of nuclear (density) dependence in parton distributions • Still no consensus on the cause of the effect • Binding is important at all x values, but may also require modification to internal structure of the nucleon • EMC effect in 3He and 4He [E03-103 (Arrington)] • Allows reliable few-body calculations of binding • Test A dependence and x dependence for very light nuclei • First 3He data above x=0.4, factor of two improvement for 4He

  26. Properties of Bound Nucleons: EMC effect • Preliminary results: A- and x-dependence • SLAC E139: Can scale with ln(A) or <rA> • New data suggest it scales with density • Also indicates identical x-dependence for 4He and 12C x=0.6 4He 12C PRELIMINARY (statistical errors) x=0.6 4He PRELIMINARY (statistical errors) <rA>

  27. Properties of Bound Nucleons: JLab @ 12 GeV Three proposals for PAC30 • EMC effect • Map out A-dependence at large x (test binding calculations) • Precise measurements in anti-shadowing region • DIS from 3He and 3H • Ratio of 3H/3He provides measurements of sn/sp and d(x)/u(x), without uncertainty associated with nuclear effects • Combine with precise 3He/2H ratio to extract isoscalar EMC effect for A=3 • Inclusive scattering from nuclei at x>1 • At 6 GeV, dominated by QE scattering, map out distribution of high-p nucleons • At 12 GeV, begin to probe quark distributions at x>1

More Related