ANNUAL TEACHER’S REFRESHER COURSE 2011

2. ANNUAL TEACHER’S REFRESHER COURSE 2011 SUBJECT SPECIALIST: Mrs. AKHTAR BUKHARI( DCW PHASE VIII) Syndicate Leader : MRS.GHAZALA ( PHASE VII SCHOOL) PRESENTER NADIA SALEEM

3. TRADE IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES

4. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:KNOWLEDGE/SHORT TERM OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter students would know that what is trade They would know the major exports of Pakistan and other Muslim countries They will be knowing the difference of imports and exports of a country How trade helps in the economical growth of a country What role our sea routes, air routes and land routes play in trade They will understand the difference of local and international trade

5. BEHAVIORAL/LONG TERM OBJECTIVE By doing research work tasks students will be using internet more By doing work in form of group, team work spirit will get developed Critical thinking will be promoted by asking questions that need logical answers They will come to know about the importance of Pakistan in the international market

6. CONTENTS • IMPORTANT EXPORTS OF MUSLIM COUNTRIES • IMPORTANT IMPORTS OF MUSLIM COUNTRIES • THE TRADE ROUTES BETWEEN THE MUSLIM COUNTRIES • THE TRADE RELATIONS AMONG THE MUSLIM COUNTRIES

7. ROBERT CAMUS SAYS:“YOU HAVE TO BE VERY RICH OR POOR TO LIVE WITHOUT TRADE”

8. THE BARTER SYSTEM

9. WHY BARTER SYSTEM FAILED?? IT WAS DIFFICULT TO DIVIDE A COMMODITY WITHOUT LOSS IN ITS VALUE FOR EXAMPLE: A MAN WHO WANTS TO PURCHASE CLOTH EQUAL TO HALF THE VALUE OF HIS COW AND OTHER COMMODITIES FOR THE REST HALF VALUE OF COW,HE COULD NOT DIVIDE HIS COW..

11. TRADE TRADE IS THE TRANSFER OF OWNERSHIP OF GOODS AND SERVICES FROM ONE PERSON OR ENTINITY TO ANOTHER.

12. IMPORTANCE OF MUSLIM COUNTRIES IN TRADE AND TRADE ROUTES

13. Trade through caravans and boats

14. THE SAHARA TRADE The rise of the Ghana Empire, centered on what is now Mali, Senegal, and southern Mauritania, paralleled the increase in trans-Saharan trade. Mediterranean economies were short of gold but could supply salt, taken by places like the African salt mine of Taghaza, whereas West African countries like Wangara had plenty of gold but needed salt. The trans-Saharan slave trade was also important because large numbers of Africans were sent north, generally to serve as domestic servants or slave concubines

15. Exports of Muslim countries

16. Cotton

17. Cotton Production • The Muslim countries of Pakistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan,and Egypt are particularly known for their cotton production.

18. JUTE

19. JUTE PRODUCTION • Bangladesh produces the biggest quantity of jute . Bangladesh exports its jute to India, UK, Germany, Holland and Japan mainly.

20. RICEPakistan is the only country in the Muslim world which produces best quality, in surplus

21. TEA Tea is cultivated in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia and Azerbaijan. Indonesia also produces COFFEE . Tea and coffee are exported to the United Kingdom and some Muslim countries in big quantity.

22. MINERAL OIL The Muslim countries particularly SA, Kuwait, Iraq, Bahrain, Libya and UAE are rich in mineral oil.

23. FERTILIZERS Factories of chemical fertilizers have been set up in Pakistan as a joint venture of Muslim countries . Thus Pakistan exports chemical fertilizers to other countries.

24. THE IMPORTANT IMPORTS OF MUSLIM COUNTRIES The Muslim countries are developing countries and they are not fully industrialized therefore they need to import certain items from other non-Muslim countries their main imports are:

25. THE TRADE ROUTES BETWEEN THE MUSLIM COUNTRIES

26. IMPORTANCE OF PAKISTANI ROUTES Trade flows between the Muslim countries by land, where frontiers are conjoined and by air and sea. The central Asian Muslim state are land-locked ; therefore they use the sea ports of Pakistan, i.e.; Kemari, Bin Qasim, Gawadar to transport their goods through the Arabian sea.

27. CONCLUSION • TRADE PLAYS A VERY VITAL AND IMPORTANT ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMY • IT GIVES OPPORTUNITY TO PEOPLE TO USE ITEMS HAVING GOOD QUALITY AND LOW COST PRICE • TRADE PROMOTES RELATIONS AMONG NATIONS

28. REFRENCES: WEBSITES: GOOGLE,WIKIPEDIA,TEXT BOOKS,PERSONAL SOCIAL REFRENCES

29. QUESTION ANSWER SESSION!!!

30. “NO NATION WAS EVER RUINED BY TRADE” BENJAMIN FRANKLIN THANK YOU!!