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Tissue Engineering

Tissue Engineering. Sandy Lum Candidate for M.HSc University of Toronto. 1. What is Tissue Engineering?. According to the National Science Foundation

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Tissue Engineering

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  1. Tissue Engineering Sandy Lum Candidate for M.HSc University of Toronto 1

  2. What is Tissue Engineering? According to the National Science Foundation Tissue engineering the application of principles and methods of engineering and life sciences toward fundamental understanding of structure-function relationships in normal and pathological mammalian tissues and the development of biological substitutes to restore, maintain or improve tissue function

  3. What is Tissue Engineering? Patient Scaffold Cell Growth • Inducing the patient's own body to regenerate damaged tissue 1

  4. What is Tissue Engineering Biopsy Cells Tissue Replacement Scaffold Patient 2 • Reconstruct and Replace the patients' cells or organs with living tissue from patient’s own cells or from other sources • Implanting prosthetic devices which functionally replace living organs or tissues

  5. The Significance Replace palliative solutions for the treatment of Tissue and Organ Failure • End Stage Renal Failure • Chronic Heart Diseases • Reconstructive Surgery - Esophagus, Trachea, Ear • Heart valves

  6. History • First autologous transplantation of reconstructed epidermis for extensively burned patient 1995 First reconstruction of human ligament First culture of human bronchi cells 1996 FDA approves Artificial Skin 1997 Canada approved Apligraf for treatment of venous leg ulcers 1998 First construction of a human blood vessel without synthetic support First construction of skin equivalent with a capillary like network 1999 Reconstruction of human cornea produced in vitro

  7. Industrial Developments • Skin2, a living human skin tissue used to test household, chemical and pharmaceutical products (Stratum Laboratories) • Artificial Skin for burn patients (Integra Life Sciences) • Dermagraft, dermal cell culture grown on a biodegradable scaffold used to treat foot ulcers (Advanced Tissue Science) • Cartilage Graft (BioTissue Labortories) 3

  8. Some Current Research Human Ear Nerve Regeneration Pancreatic Islet and Liver Cells Heart Valves 4 5

  9. Future • Identification of new cell types for tissue regeneration • undifferentiated stem cells • Artificial Organs • Regeneration tissues • Nerve regeneration • Scaffolding – finding the optimal material to enhance growth 6

  10. Challenges

  11. Challenges Biological Product Medical Device AND Is a tissue engineered product a medical device or a biological product? 7

  12. Challenges Safety and efficacy of tissue engineered products • Development of Regulations and Standards Inherent hazards and foreseeable misuse of medical devices or biological products Industry must start to consider, • Manufacturing • Storage and Stale dating • Sterility • Clinical Feasibility

  13. Conclusions Tissue engineered products are a key in replacing palliative medical interventions Predictions 1-2 years  Tissue engineered skin 3-5 years  Tissue engineered cartilage 5-10 years  Bioartificial Liver

  14. Questions?

  15. References 1. Grikscheit TC, Vacanti JP. The history and current status of Tissue Engineering: The future of pediatric surgery. J Pediatr Surg, 37:277-188, 2002 2. http://www.fibrogen.com/tissue/ 3. http://www.biotissue-tec.com/en/products/bioseed-c_details.php 4. http://www.fmed.ulaval.ca/loex/ExplicationConcept_A.html 5. http://www.wmin.ac.uk/cter/whatis.htm&type=&no=21&tt=3 6. http://stemcells.nih.gov/stemcell/scireport.asp 7. http://www.fda.gov/oia/embslides/biologics2002/sld031.htm

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