List how many groups you are part of

1. Do Now: Justin Bieber Fan Club List how many groups you are part of

2. FOCUS: How did the field of sociology develop? Who are the early Sociologists? How are these theories different? What are some CURRENT theories? Write these down in your notebook

3. When and why did Sociology Develop?

4. Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution

5. Housing shortages, crime, poverty, different lifestyles

6. Interactions used to be based on personal relationships

7. Impersonal nature of cities –relationships now based on work

8. Relationships no longer personal, less helpful, more anonymous. People became frustrated, many were poor and some were wealthy – middle class develops – political revolutions… Many also questioned religious and traditional explanations of life How did Sociology Develop?

9. Who were the Early Sociologists?

10. Auguste Comte' I was born in January actually, I don’t know why my mom named me Auguste • 1st to apply research to study social life • Focused on Social Order and Social Change Herbert Spencer • Influenced by Charles Darwin • Social change and unrest were natural and led to stability and perfection • No steps should be taken to correct problems – best aspects of society would survive over time. I don’t know where my hair stops and my beard begins?

11. It is me, Karl. I started Communism. Yeah…yeah…I know. It didn’t work out well. Believed shared beliefs/values held society together Viewed these parts as functions FUNCTIONALISM Sociologists should study features that are observable and can be tested. Father of Sociology – 1st to make it a Science Emile Durkheim Karl Marx • Society structured by economy • Two classes: proletariat (workers) and bourgeoisie (capitalists) • Imbalance would lead to revolution and be primary cause of social change • CONFLICT THEORY

12. Verstehen! NO! I am not sneezing! • More interested in separate groups in society • Focus: effect of SOCIETY on the INDIVIDUAL • Should go beyond study of observations – but uncover feelings and thoughts of individuals • Principle of VERSTEHEN –translates to Meaningful Understanding" putting yourself in the shoes of others to see things from their perspective. Max Weber

13. Wrap Up • How did the field of sociology develop? • Who are the early Sociologists? • What did Herbert Spencer believe? • What did Karl Marx believe? • What type of viewpoint is Max Weber known for? • What is Emile Durkheim known for?

14. What do sociologists look at? • CAUSE=Direct result of an action/issue/event • CORRELATION= Related to action/issue/event but not necessarily a cause. Ex. You have more of a probability of dying if you go to the hospital.

15. In three words or less, describe “who” you are in: Math Class Lunch Gym Last weekend Do Now: Who are you?

16. What is your sociological identity? The collection of group memberships that determine your identity Student Daughter Son Sister Brother Employee Volunteer Musician Dancer Writer Mathematician Friend Colleague Neighbor…..

17. How is Sociology Scientific?

19. Who uses sociology? Political groups Nonprofit groups Government Law Enforcement Social Workers Education Business Individuals How can government reduce unemployment? How do we provide for the disabled? Can criminals be rehabilitated? Can we predict when crimes will occur? Do Domestic Violence programs work? How can bullying be prevented? Why do students drop out of school? How can we motivate employees? What type of commercial will attract buyers? What kind of toothpaste should I buy? Should I break up with him/her?.....

20. What is a Sociological Imagination? View the world through other’s eyes Look beyond commonly held beliefs to hidden meanings

21. Why do Sociologists use Empirical Questions? Sociology is a Science –using observations and research can provide data that can be measured

22. Examples of sociological questions Does the quantity of social ties affect the quality of social ties? (Does having more acquaintances harm or help close friendships?) Is inequality inherited? (Do people raised in poverty go on to different jobs than those who were raised with wealth?) Does working hard guarantee success? (Does working hard determine quality of life or do issues like illness, disabilities, economics, geographic location limit success?)

23. Summary What is Sociology? What is sociological identity What kinds of questions are there? How do sociologists measure society? What is sociological perspective? What is sociological imagination? In what areas do sociologists work? What content areas do sociologists look at and why?

24. Do Now: • Out of all the following below, which of these people is more likely to commit suicide? • Explain your answers

25. Do Now: Leah SullivanAge 13 Julien Hug 35 Tyler Clementi 18 Abraham Biggs, 19 Justin De'Andre James, 8 Jessica Fashano , 27

26. Wrote the first book in the field of Sociology. • Durkheim explored the differing suicide rates among Protestants and Catholics, arguing that stronger social norms among Catholics results in lower suicide rates. • Concluded that social unity and lack of isolation was more related to suicide than religion Emile Durkheim’s Suicide Study: 1897

27. Durkheim’s Types of Suicides • Egoistic suicide: reflects a prolonged sense of not belonging, of not being integrated in a community • No bond to social groups (well-defined values, traditions, norms, and goals) • Were left with little social support or guidance • Altruistic suicide: is characterized by a sense of being overwhelmed by a group's goals and beliefs. It occurs in societies where individual needs are seen as less important than the society's needs as a whole. (cults, military).

28. Anomic suicide: reflects an individual's moral confusion and lack of social direction, which is related to dramatic social and economic upheaval….can’t adjust to life changes. (Economic conditions cause rise/fall – lost “dreams”. • Fatalistic suicide: the opposite of anomic suicide, when a person is excessively regulated. Prisons, institutions.

29. Results of Durkheim’s Study: • Suicide rates are higher in men than women (although married women who remained childless for a number of years ended up with a high suicide rate) • Suicide rates are higher for those who are single than those who are married • Suicide rates are higher for people without children than people with children • Suicide rates are higher among Protestants than Catholics and Jews • Suicide rates are higher among soldiers than civilians • Suicide rates are higher in times of peace than in times of war Suicide rates are higher in Scandinavian countries • the higher the education level, the more likely it was that an individual would commit suicide, however • Durkheim established that there is more correlation between an individual's religion and suicide rate than an individual's education level; Jewish people were generally highly educated but had a low suicide rate.

30. Current Day Statistical Proven Causes of Suicide: • The death of a loved one. • A divorce, separation, or breakup of a relationship. • Losing custody of children, or feeling that a child custody decision is not fair. • A serious loss, such as a loss of a job, house, or money. • A serious illness. • A terminal illness. • A serious accident. • Chronic physical pain. • Intense emotional pain. • Loss of hope. • Being victimized (domestic violence, rape, assault, etc). • A loved one being victimized (child murder, child molestation, kidnapping, murder, rape, assault, etc.). • Physical abuse. • Verbal abuse.

31. Sexual abuse. • Unresolved abuse (of any kind) from the past. • Feeling "trapped" in a situation perceived as negative. • Feeling that things will never "get better." • Feeling helpless. • Serious legal problems, such as criminal prosecution or incarceration. • Feeling "taken advantage of." • Inability to deal with a perceived "humiliating" situation. • Inability to deal with a perceived "failure." • Alcohol abuse. • Drug abuse. • A feeling of not being accepted by family, friends, or society. • A horrible disappointment. • Feeling like one has not lived up to his or her high expectations or those of another. • Bullying. (Adults, as well as children, can be bullied.) • Low self-esteem

32. Wrap Up • What reasons did you use for your “causes” of suicide? • What did Emile Durkheim discover in his “Suicide Studies”? • What is the difference between cause and causation? • What is Anomic suicide? • What is Egoistic suicide? • What is Altruistic suicide?

33. Sociology • Friday, February 10th Test on all material in notes.

34. Do Now: • What kind of car do you want? • Why? • What are your plans for the prom? (Where will you get your clothes? How will you get there? Are you going to the hair salon, nail salon?)

35. What are some Current Sociology Theories?

36. Current Perspectives Functionalist Perspective There are positive functions and negative functions Each can be either MANIFEST or LATENT Manifest: intended consequence Latent: unintended consequence • Comte, Spencer, Durkheim • Society a set of interrelated parts that work together to produce a stable society • Consensus • Not all elements run smoothly • DYSFUNCTION: negative consequence for the lack of stability in society • Example: Crime – disrupts – not stabilizes

37. Example: A Manifest function of a car is to provide transportation A Latent function of a car is to gain social standing through a display of wealth

38. Can you list things in society that have both Manifest and Latent Functions? In a group of three….brainstorm items, institutions, etc. that have both Manifest and Latent Functions

39. Wrap Up • What are theories behind Functionalist Theory? • What is Manifest Content? • What is Latent Content? • What is “a negative consequence for the lack of stability in society” called?

40. Exit Quiz • What is Manifest Function? • What is Latent Function? • What is Conflict Theory? • List three (3) relationships you have that illustrate conflict theory

41. Wrap Up • People in society who possess more power in society control others with less power– what theory is this? • How does this theory play a role in America? • How did this theory play a role in your life? • How is this important in change in society?

42. Do Now Did you greet anyone yet today in the hallway? Describe three people you greeted and how you greeted them. • How would you greet someone: • You see every day • You work with • You haven’t seen in a long time

43. Interactionist Theory Example: objects, words, gestures American flag, salute, a high five, slang How people use symbols is symbolic interaction • Functionalists and Conflict Theorists focus on society in general or groups • Interactionists focus on individuals and their interaction with each other • Role of symbols in life • Symbol: anything that represents something else

44. Interactionist Activity 1. Volunteers come up to express the word given to you to the class without talking

46. Interactionist Activity Wrap Up • Was it difficult to get your point across using only “symbols”? • Are there any symbols that you used in a different state or country that are entirely different here? • Are there any symbols you use at home that only the micro-culture of your family would understand? • What is “Looking Glass Self”?

47. Can you list four (4) groups in society that possibly illustrate Conflict Perspective? Reading 1

48. Current Perspectives Conflict Perspective Competition over scarce resources (power, wealth) Group gains control of it – establish rules and procedures to keep it Protect their interests at expense of other groups Leads to social conflict – social change – inevitable in society • Karl Marx • People in society who possess more power in society control others with less power • Study various groups: women and men, race, family, employers and employees, etc.

49. Institutions and relationships that are inherently in conflict • Employee/Boss • Teacher/Student • Principal/Student • College Prof./Student • Coach/Player • Landlord/Tenant • Police/Citizen • Shopkeeper/Customer • Parent/child • Wealthy/poor • Name some relationships in which you are in conflict with each day – whether or not you are the controller…or controlled.

50. Group – present your list of conflicts • Are you the controller…or controlled? • Put “controlled” on left side of paper • Put “controller on right side of paper • In what role do you play most?