RESEARCH Paper ( a.k.a Independent research project ) https://Kid President: Pep Talk!

1. RESEARCH Paper (a.k.a Independent research project) https://Kid President: Pep Talk!

2. Research Terms Defined • Research Report/Paper: Have an idea, research it, analyze it, organize it and put it into an essay form. • primary source: first hand information (most credible) • secondary source: retold information • In-text Citations/Parenthetical Citations: Documentation used for referring to the work of others in your essay. • quote: Using someone else’s information (word for word). Must use quotation marks. *Yes - Internal citations needed* • paraphrase: Using someone else’s information by writing it in your own words. You do not need quotation marks.*Yes - Internal citations needed • summarize: Involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, but including only the main point(s). Presents a broad overview, so is usually much shorter than the original text. *Yes - Internal citations needed

3. Research Terms Defined • works cited/bibliography: A list of sources used to give credit to the author. This will directly support your citations. • plagiarism: Plagiarism is when you use other people’s words or ideas in your paper without properly citing your sources.

4. In-text Citations & Works Cited

5. What is Research? • Research is how you find the answers to all kinds of questions about various types of topics. • You will find yourself wondering about ideas, formulating questions and deciding upon a topic statement or hypothesis/thesis that states your position. • You will formulate keyword search terms and use them to investigate and search credible sources for in-depth facts and evidence. • You will draw conclusions from the evidence, develop an opinion and organize your findings to support your position. • Finally, you will express your ideas and share your findings with others.

6. Independent Research Project • 5 Paragraph Paper • MLA Format • Minimum of 5 Credible Sources • 1 book • 1 periodical (journal, newspaper, or magazine) • 1 book or periodical • 2 other credible sources (acceptable websites, interview with an expert in the field, book, periodical, etc.) • Must cite each source at least once. • Must include In-Text Citations/Parenthetical Citations for Research • Works Cited

7. ELA Requirement • First 2 Paragraphs (Introduction & 1st Body) • MLA Format • Minimum of 2Credible Sources(Annotated) • In-Text Citations/Parenthetical Citations for Research • Works Cited Feedback, Formative and a Summative grade will be provided on the first 2 paragraphs/Works Cited. Full research paper will be turned into Science.

8. SCIENCE REQUIREMENT DO NOT USE SCIENCE BUDDIES –OR- ALL SCIENCE FAIR PROJECTS

9. When I start researching, how do I know if a site is CREDIBLE? LOOK FOR: Currency Relevance Authority Accuracy Purpose

10. When I start researching, how do I know if a site is CREDIBLE? The last three letters of the URL can give you a clue about the site's sponsor. .com – A commercial site. Purpose to sell a product or service. May have a built-in bias that you must be aware of. .biz – A business that could be trying to sell a product or service. May have built-in bias. .edu – A school, university, museum, or educational site. Normally reliable. .gov – A U.S. government site. Normally reliable. .int – An international institution. Normally reliable. .mil – A U.S. military site. Normally reliable. .museum – A museum. Often reliable .name – An individual Internet user. Not reliable and may have bias .net – A network service provider, Internet administrative site. .org – An organization, often non-profit. These sites can provide accurate information, but usually have bias. .pro – A professional’s site. ~ (tilde) or %– A personal site that varies in its credibility

11. In-Text Citations MLA follows the author-page style of formatting First take the author’s last name and the page number from which you are quoting or paraphrasing (No Comma). Next, put them together (with a space in between). The period goes after the citation. (Smith 12). EXCEPTIONS: 1. No author, corporation only: Use the name of the corporation in the author’s last name placeholder. Example (U.S. Dept. of Labor 10). 2. No page numbers available: Do not include one. 3. Author named in the sentence: If you mention the author’s name within the sentence, don’t mention it in the citation. 4. Two or three authors: Name both or all three. Example: (Smith, Green, and Brown 55). 5. Four or more authors: Name all authors or put the first author and “et al.” which means “and others.” Example: ( Smith et al. 55) 6. A source without an author or a corporation: Include the full title of the work or a shortened version of the title in the citation (usually first 3 – 4 words). Always check the entire Website before determining the material has no author. Sometimes the author’s name can be found at the bottom of the page, in small print, and/or on a home page. 7. If you are citing just one source throughout your writing assignment, there is good news. You may cite just the page numbers! Your reader will know all the information comes from one source. (3)

12. Paraphrase, Summarize, Quote What’s the Difference? Paraphrasing • does not match the source word for word • involves putting a passage from a source into your own words • changes the words or phrasing of a passage, but retains and fully communicates the original meaning. Close to the same length as the original text, however may be longer. • must be attributed to the original source Summarizing • does not match the source word for word • involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, but including only the main point(s) • presents a broad overview, so is usually much shorter than the original text • must be attributed to the original source Quoting • matches the source exactly word for word • are usually a brief segment of the text • appear between quotation marks • must be attributed to the original source

13. Guidelines to Prevent Plagiarism Here are a few simple rules: • Give credit for all direct quotations. • Give credit for all ideas or statements that were not your own. • Give credit for all summaries and paraphrases. Avoid paraphrases that just change a few words. • Give credit for facts, statistics, images and tables you found in your research. • What you do not need to cite: • Your personal comments or ideas • Facts or ideas that are known to be common knowledge. For example, we all know that the earth is made up of more water than land.

14. Keep track of your On-line Credible Sources! When you find useful information from a credible source, DON’T LET IT GO! You need to save the original place you found that information from so that you can cite it in your essay, and later on in the Works Cited. Save to your “Favorites” or Copy and Paste the URL into a Word Document that can be used later. Don’t forget to include the date you accessed the material (to be used in your Works Cited). THE OLD FASHIONED WAY WAS TO WRITE ALL THE INFORMATION DOWN ON A 3 X 5 CARD! YA KNOW . . .when the dinosaurs existed!

15. Introduction Paragraph • Hook your audience using a statistic, interesting fact, rhetorical question/answer, etc. that pertains to your IRP. • Why should this experiment be conducted? Explain why this topic is important to study. (This experiment is important because…) (The importance is…) (Many people may benefit from…) • What will people learn from this experiment? • State your hypothesis using the following format: If the (IV) is related to (DV) and (experiment) then (prediction).  This will happen because (scientific reason why from your prior research). (Thismust be cited textual evidence to support reason). • *NO PERSONAL PRONOUNS!!! (I, we, our, us)*

16. 1st Body Paragraph • Describe important characteristics of the independent and dependent variables. • Use the descriptions from Table 13.1 (provided by your science teacher) to give background information important to understanding the variables. Variables should be classified into the following broad categories: Animal Behavior Matter Process/Procedure Energy Plant Protists • *NO PERSONAL PRONOUNS!!! (I, we, our)* Use: “this” topic, “this” question “this” study Keep the “I” out of the paper!

17. 2nd Body Paragraph Analysis of Prior Research • Briefly summarize scientific research studies directly related to your study. • Include purpose, major findings, and recommendations for further study. • If you review more than one study, describe the similarities and differences among the research studies. • Suggest research studies that need to be conducted to resolve differences or to address unanswered questions.

18. 3rd Body Paragraph • Results • Summarize the data. • Compare the results to the control group (if applicable) • Explain how the hypothesis was supported or refuted by using the data.

19. CONCLUSION PARAGRAPH • Focus on interpretation of the results. Restate the purpose of the study, the major findings, and support of your hypothesis by the data. Focus on interpretation of the results. • Compare findings with other research; propose explanations for discrepancies. • Be sure to provide appropriate literature citations. • In addition, make suggestions for procedural improvements and recommendations for further study.

20. WORKS CITED • The “Works Cited” page is always going to be the last page of your essay or report. • Type the words “Works Cited” and center it at the top of the page. • Each entry must be complete and accurate. • Each entry reads like one long sentence. What this means is that it does not matter where the second line begins in an entry; it begins on the second line only because you ran out of room on the first line. • The second and subsequent lines are always indented one-half inch. (hanging indent) • The sources are listed alphabetically by the first word or name of the entry. This first word or name should be what you use in your parenthetical citation. • Works Cited should be double-spaced. • Strongly Recommend: citefast.com • Make sure to type in the author’s name(s) • Make sure to include the “date accessed” • “Import into Word”