Renewables and Energy Storage

1. Renewables and Energy Storage

2. The Changing Political Landscape What Does The Future Hold?

3. The Changing Political Landscape

4. Political Reality Republican Candidate

5. Political Reality Democratic Candidate

6. Renewable Energy OptionsSmall to Large Technology Review Opportunities and Issues Costs

7. Renewable Energy Options Technology Review Solar Solar Thermal (CSP) Photovoltaics Wind Small � Less than 100 kW�s Utility Scale

8. Solar Energy Options Concentrated Solar Power Photovoltaics

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11. Solar Thermal Applications Over four gigawatts of concentrating solar power capacity is planned worldwide over the next five years. Plant sizes up to 85 MW successfully operating in California since the 1980�s.

12. Simple, single axis tracking Central tube filled with liquid absorbs heat Can be combined with storage Well proven, highly reliable Solar Trough

13. Fresnel lens concentration Potential for high efficiency Can be combined with storage Less proven than Trough CSP Central Receiver System

14. Parabolic dish/engine system Concentrates sun on Sterling Engine Work has been continuing since 1980�s Sterling is problematic

15. CSP Advantages

16. CSP Advantages - Cont

17. CSP Disadvantages

18. CSP Disadvantages

19. Operational Environmental Issues

20. CSP Economics

21. Photolvoltaics � Market Growth RFP�s in 2006 ~ 50 MW�s RFP�s February 2008 ~ 300 � 500 MW�s

22. Photovoltaics � Solar Electric Technologies Silicon Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Thin film Amorphous silicon CdTe CISGS

23. 23 First Solar 40 MW System $4.22/W

25. PhotovoltaicsAdvantages and Disadvantages Advantages Easily scalable Geographically flexible 20-30 yr panel life Low operating costs Low environmental footprint Easy to site & permit Minimal transmission loss Concurrence with peak demand Can be visible or invisible

26. Applications � Grid Connected Residential Commercial Rooftop Ground Mounted

27. Breakdown of Installed Costs

28. Residential InstallationsThings to Consider

29. Residential InstallationsIssues and Questions Interconnect issues CO legislating net metering rules Inverter designs and disconnect requirements Fees CO legislation building permit fees Insurance � is home owners sufficient?

30. Residential InstallationsThings to consider � cont. Installation CO, eight installers in 2006 � one hundred -twenty in 2008 Installer certification - none Warranties Standard , five years parts and labor Home Depot, ten years parts and labor

32. Commercial Applications

33. Commercial Systems Advantages Located at point of demand Has some secondary benefits Uses �free� roof area Disadvantages Ownership issues - business change hands Maintenance issue � roof penetrations

34. Electric Vehicle Recharging This electric vehicle recharging station in southern Florida is powered by a grid-connected PV array mounted on the roof. When no vehicles need charging, power from the modules is transferred to the utility line. (Photo: University of South Florida)This electric vehicle recharging station in southern Florida is powered by a grid-connected PV array mounted on the roof. When no vehicles need charging, power from the modules is transferred to the utility line. (Photo: University of South Florida)

35. Commercial Rooftop - conventional

37. Central Generation Thin Film Photovoltaics Amorphous CdTe CIGS Concentrators Silicon Gallium Arsenide

38. First Solar - Current Thin Film PV Sales

39. First Solar Thin Film Projected Costs

40. Module Output StabilityThe Ultimate Test

41. Utility Scale Wind Still the low cost champ

42. U.S. Wind Resources

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52. Small Wind - Issues Opportunities Community projects � school, co-op headquarters High visibility to members Eligible for grant funding Challenges Still a �cottage� industry Can require significant effort by the owner/operator High $/kW capital investment �Refurbished� units can be problematic

53. Abundant Renewable Energy (Newburg, Ore.) (www.abundantre.com) Bergey Windpower (Norman, Okla.) (www.bergey.com) Entegrity Wind Systems (Charlottetown, Canada) (www.entegritywind.com) Energy Maintenance Service (Gary, S.D.) (www.energyms.com) Lorax Energy (Webster, N.Y.) (www.lorax-energy.com) Northern Power Systems (Waitsfield, Vt.) (www.northernpower.com) Solar Wind Works (Truckee, Calif.) (www.solarwindworks.com) Southwest Windpower (Flagstaff, Ariz.) (http://www.windenergy.com) Wind Turbine Industries Corp. (Prior Lake, Minn.) (www.windturbine.net) Small Wind - Manufacturers

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55. Energy Storage Now that we have it What do we do with it?

56. Challenge - Intermittency Wind � blows at night and early morning Can have periods of no wind Photovoltaics Maximum output is not coincident with demand Output can drop rapidly

59. Battery CharacteristicsWish List

64. To Be Continued