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Explore Wang's (2018) research on cyber risk contagion, including refined definitions, case studies, and a two-step analysis approach. Learn about cluster analysis and factor copulas, with implications for insurance and enterprise management.
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Discussion on Exploring Cyber Risk Contagion – A Boundless Threat (Wang, 2018) Ruo (Alex) Jia Department of Risk Management and Insurance, School of Economics, Peking University 5th MRS Seminar, Oct 21, 2018
Summary • Very well written and easy to read • Refined definition of cyber risk with contagion • An overview of the cyber risk history may also be a contribution • A quarter of cyber risk events affects more than one firm • A two-step approach to analyze the contagion risk • Cluster analysis • Factor copulas approach • An interesting case study on Target vs. Home Depot data breach
Major comments • 1. Sample identification strategy • Describe a picture of cyber risk • Or use cyber risk as a case to examine contagion risk • Or look at only the cyber risks exposed to contagion risk? • 2. Data to apply the two-step model • The cluster analysis is based on portfolio of cyber risk events • The factor copulas approach is only demonstrated in a two-firm case • 3. Business/management implications • Implication to the insurability of cyber risk and to the insurance underwriting about cyber risk • For enterprises and/or for insurers?
Major comments • 4. More interesting to know the differences and determinants of contagion risks among clusters • Different clusters have the same contagion risks or different risks and why? • Why is the contagion risk larger within cluster? Which factor makes this effect stronger? • 5. Motivation • Insurance companies are usually quite experienced to deal with the Cat events while risks are contagious • One of the reasons that we know little about cyber risk is that the risk is uninsured
Minor Comments • 1. Eling and Schnell (2018) on the loss distribution of cyber risk • 2. Summary of specific conclusions • 3. Term consistency: systemic risk vs. contagion risk • 4. Panel C, Table 5, first year of event? • 5. Table 8 might be integrated into Table 7 or embeded in texts • 6. Interpretation of the copula correlation of 0.758