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Understanding the Subthalamus and Hypothalamus in the Diencephalon

Explore the components and functions of the subthalamic nucleus and hypothalamus below the thalamus. Uncover their roles in controlling voluntary movements and regulating various bodily functions.

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Understanding the Subthalamus and Hypothalamus in the Diencephalon

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  1. DIENCEPHALON II Dr. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim

  2. SUBTHALAMUS

  3. SUBTHALAMUS SITE: below thalamus, dorsolateral to hypothalamus COMPONENTS: • Subthalamic nucleus: connected to globus pallidus (by subthalamic fasciculus) & to substantia nigra • Zona incerta (between thalamus & subthalamic nucleus): rostral extension of brain stem reticular formation • ROLE: control of voluntary movements

  4. HYPOTHALAMUS SITE: • Below thalamus, separated from it by hypothalamic sulcus • Lies in the interpeduncularfossa (tuber cinereum, infundibulum, mammillary bodies) RELATION TO THIRD VENTRICLE: forms: • The lower part of lateral wall • Floor FUNCTION: regulator

  5. HYPOTHALAMUS

  6. HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEI LATERAL HYPOTHALAMIC: “feeding center”: lesion aphagia MEDIAL HYPOTHALMIC: • Supraoptic: produces vasopressin • Paraventricular: produces oxytocin • Suprachiasmatic: controls diurnal rhythm • Anterior: stimulates parasympathetic system

  7. HYPOTHALAMIC NUCLEI TUBERAL: • Ventromedial:“satiety centre”: lesionhyperphagia • Arcuate:produces releasing & release-inhibiting factors MAMMILARY REGION: • Mammillary: a part of limbic system • Posterior: stimulates sympathetic system

  8. MEDIAN SAGITTAL SECTION

  9. THE THIRD VENTRICLE

  10. THE THIRD VENTRICLE CAVITY: of diencephalon COMMUNICATIONS: • With lateral ventricle:through interventricular foramen of Monro • With fourth ventricle:through cerebral acqueduct of Silvius

  11. THE THIRD VENTRICLE BOUNDARIES: • ROOF: layer of ependyma covered by pia • FLOOR: hypothalmus • LATERAL WALL: • Upper part: thalamus • Lower part: hypothalamus • ANTRERIOR WALL: anterior commissure, lamina terminalis • POSTERIOR WALL: posterior commissure, pineal body

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