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Science Fundamentals

Science Fundamentals. Chapter2. Features of Science. First = science deals with the natural world Second = scientists collect and organize information to determine patterns and connections between events Third = scientists propose explanations that can be tested by examining evidence.

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Science Fundamentals

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  1. Science Fundamentals Chapter2

  2. Features of Science • First = science deals with the natural world • Second = scientists collect and organize information to determine patterns and connections between events • Third = scientists propose explanations that can be tested by examining evidence

  3. Data • Data= information gathered by using observations or inferences • Scientists collect data in two categories • Quantitative = data that can be counted or show a quantity • Qualitative = data that involve characteristics or info that cannot be counted; shows a quality

  4. Gathering & Using Data • Observation= process of gathering information about events or processes uses the general senses of sight and hearing • “The grass is green.” • Inference = a scientific and logical statement based upon prior knowledge or experience • An inference is usually drawn from qualitative data that has been gathered • “These frog legs taste like chicken.”

  5. Hypothesis = a proposed scientific explanation for a set of observations A hypothesis must be proposed in a manner which allows it to be tested, generally in an If…then… relationship To test a hypothesis, a researcher must design an experiment to test variables Variable = an element in an experiment that can be measured and changed Control = element of an experiment that the variables are compared to Independent Variable= one that is changed Dependent Variable = variable that is observed based on changes in the manipulated Experimental Design

  6. Observation/Inference Question Hypothesis Prediction Experiment Analysis Conclusion Theory Law Scientific Method Steps

  7. Theory = a possible explanation for the events of an experiment Supported with results from numerous tests and experiments over a long period of time A theory could be proven wrong but hasn’t yet Law= a scientific rule of nature A theory that has never been, and never will be proven wrong Laws describe what happens in a situation, but not always why Theories and Laws

  8. Length • Meter – (m) basic unit length • 1m = 100 centimeters (cm) • 1cm = 10 millimeters (mm) • 1000 m = 1 kilometer (km)

  9. Mass • Measures the amount of matter in an object • Kilogram – (kg) is the standard unit • Gram – (g) basic unit of mass • 1000 g = 1 kg • Mass does not change based upon gravity

  10. Weight • Is a measure of gravitation force on the mass of an object • Gravity = an attraction force that exists between all objects • Metric unit for gravity is a Newton (N) • Your weight on earth would be 6 times greater than your weight on the moon • The moon’s gravity is 1/6 that of earth

  11. Area • Is a combination of two measurements • Area is expressed in units of length2 • Found by multiplying the length of a boundary by the width of the boundary • Ex: cm2

  12. Volume (V) = the space that something takes up Volume of a regular shaped object easy to find Displacement = finds the volume of odd objects Uses water submersion Volume

  13. Density is how the mass of an object relates to the size of the object Expressed as mass over volume Density of water 1 g/ml Those things that are less dense will float Density

  14. Temperature • Degrees Celsius Cº is the standard for temp. • Water freezes at 0º C • Water boils at 100º C • Easier to study than Fahrenheit temperature

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