University reform within global changes: importance of fostering research-innovation links

1. University reform within global changes: importance of fostering research-innovation links Melita KovačevićVice-Rector for Science and Technology University of ZagrebINSEAD, Fontainebleau, France, April 28 – May 1, 2009

2. Topics: • New demands on university • Obstacles and constraints for change • Importance of research • Case study: University of Zagreb • A look into (close) future

3. Research Doctoral Education Technology Transfer New demands on university Why? Facts on ERI triangle “University should be driven by societal and economical changes” Georg Winckler, EUA President Dubrovnik – October, 2007

4. Knowledge economyEconomy based on the production, distribution, and use of Knowledge as the main driver of growth, wealth creation, and employment across all industries . New demands on university Facts on ERI triangle

5. New demands on university University classification (and ranking) • Research • Teaching • Innovation • Interationalization • Regional impact

6. New demands on university European vs World perspective EHEA ERA • new HE market • new demands • Changing rules

7. New demands on university Globalisation • it affects all human activities and processes • demand for more research and research practices to address them • need to promote a future development of a knowledge-based society, both in developed and developing countries an increased strategic role for universities (WB, OECD, EU…)

8. Obstacles and constraints for change • existence of long tradition of academic conservatism • inadequate recognition of doctorate and its social and economical value • overproduction of doctors – overflow of researchers • treating HE as cost, not investment research and doctoral education most affected

9. Obstacles and constraints for change Opening towards Society: Constraints, Obstacles • Reluctance on both sides-university/industry • Frequently not a partner but service relationship • Not defined IP rules • Who owns the product? • What are the conditions? • Why is it important to define the rules? • Personal vs. Institutional involvement and benefits • Tradition

10. Importance of research

11. Top 20 world universities: 1. Harvard (US) 2. Cambridge (UK) 3. Oxford (UK) 4. Massachusetts (US) 5. Yale (US) 6. Stanford (US) 7. California IT (US) 8. Berkeley (US) 9. IC London (UK) 10. Princeton (US) 11. Chicago (US) 12. Columbia (US) 13. Duke (US) 14. Beijing (China) 15. Cornell (US) 16. Australian National Univ. (Austral.) 17. London School of Econom. (UK) 18. ENS Paris (France) 19. Singapur 20. Tokyo University (Japan) University of Vienna Faculties: 18 Students 66.000 Teachers 5.400 Programmes 135 University of Prague Faculties: 17 Students 45.000 Teachers 4.000 Programmes 270 University of Zagreb Faculties: 33 Students 56.000 Teachers 3.500 Programmes 520 Top 50 European universities:

12. Importance of research • extending the frontiers of knowledge • transferring knowledge into new products and services however

13. Importance of research • research ≠ knowledge ≠ innovation • the need for innovation-driven economy and/or for the transfer of knowledge into innovation does not imply innovation-driven research • research results can not be ordered or preset • the time scales of research ≠ policy makers ≠ short-term profit • research is one of human activities the most under the pressure of competitiveness and continuous quality assessment

14. Importance of research Research/Doctoral Education: Constraints, Obstacles One way road Industry finances doctoral education Defines the topic of research Owns the outcome What can/should be done?

15. Importance of research Research/Doctoral Education: Constraints, Obstacles • 3% research funding • 1% government, 2% industry • Doctoral education as a self-generating process • Placement of new doctors outside academia

16. Case study: University of Zagreb 65,000 students • 2,000 PhD students, • 5,500 members of academic staff, • 8,000 total number of employees, • 30 faculties and 3 academies, • 1,220 research projects financed by MSES (basic, applied and technology projects), • 175 international projects (mostly FP6 and FP7) • 1354 original scientific papers cited in international databases (year 2008). In each of these indicators the University of Zagreb takes more than 80 % of the total of all universities in Croatia and more than 50 % of the whole academic community (universities plus public institutes).

17. Case study: University of Zagreb University of Zagreb Experiences Dissertations – all scientific fields (2000-2005)

18. Case study: University of Zagreb Technology Transfer Office: • Established within Unit for Science and Technology in January 2008 • Joined WB Science and Technology Project in May 2008 Vision • The creation of university infrastructure that will serve as a promoter of development and commercialization of innovations and discoveries resulting from scientific research, with ambition to be a leading institution among universities in Croatia in that respect.

19. Case study: University of Zagreb TT Office Mission … is to promote and facilitate the transfer of technology from the University of Zagreb to the commercial sector producing thus benefits for researchers, the University and the Croatian economy.

20. Case study: University of Zagreb • June 2007. Task Group • October 2007. BP for S&T Project (MSES, World Bank) • January 2008. first employee Vlatka Petrović, PhD • May 2008. S&T Project started, Prof. Srđan Novak, PhD Project Manager

21. Case study: University of Zagreb TTO financing: • University budget • Ministry of Science Education and Sport via WB Science and Technology Project • EU funding

22. Case study: University of Zagreb TTO-UniZg: Aims • Promoting the culture of innovativeness and academic entrepreneurship among all components (Faculties) of the University of Zagreb. • Building the system of services for IPR protection and promotion of 'Patenting Culture' among all components (Faculties) of the University of Zagreb. • Taking proactive steps in helping researchers to shape future applied research projects towards optimal solutions of IP protection and commercialization. • Establishment of the system that will facilitate technology transfer from academic community to business sector and support the academic entrepreneurship. • Stimulating the commercialization of R&D among all components (Faculties) of the University of Zagreb. • Taking active part in defining consistent and transparent legal and organizational framework for stimulation and smooth conduction of technology transfer at the University of Zagreb. • Producing all necessary documents (starting from University IPR Policy) in order to achieve the goals mentioned above. • Networking of experts and researchers to facilitate the commercialization of scientific results.

23. Case study: University of Zagreb TTO-UniZg: Short-term tasks: • TT-OFFICE RULE-BOOK (December 2008) • IP Policy (in process) • Procedures & Documents • Consultants Network • Financing for od 15 -20 projects entering the pipe-line, • Ending with 3 - 5 patents • Commercialization 2-3 patents • TTO starts in December 2008

24. Case study: University of Zagreb TTO RULE-BOOK – BASIC STATEMENTS • Owner of IP is the Faculty • Free-Will Principle • Defines the Procedure of IP protection when it goes through the TTO

25. Case study: University of Zagreb Procedure • Disclosure • Due Diligence • Contract • Technical & commercial assessment of innovation • Decision (We go for it! or We don’t!) • Legal protection of IP (drafting, fileing). • Commercialization (licencing or spin-off?) • Revenues collection and distribution

26. Case study: University of Zagreb Revenue share scheme: • Inventors: 40% • Faculty: 40% • University: 20%

27. Case study: University of Zagreb Nurturing a new culture • patent = cost • patenting = investment • investment = start of entrepreneurship

28. Case study: University of Zagreb Knowledge Economy & Technology Transfer

29. Case study: University of Zagreb Reminder – Knowledge EconomyEconomy based on the production, distribution, and use of Knowledge as the main driver of growth, wealth creation, and employment across all industries .

30. Case study: University of Zagreb Research Office Technology Transfer Office Centre for Research, Development and Technology Transfer

31. Case study: University of Zagreb Three roles of a modern university in the modern knowledge economy: - Higher education-Research and development- Innovation and technology transfer Facts on ERI triangle

32. Case study: University of Zagreb Future • Must University must open towards society • Dangers Losing academic aureole

33. A look into (close) future Possible conclusions (with open questions) • Role of universities and society changes • Faster than we would like? Ready to follow? • It is inevitable to balance all parts of the triangle • What do we need to do that • How to establish good communicational channels between university and industry • Competitive research will boost innovation and technology transfer

34. A look into (close) future Possible conclusions (with open questions) Can (regional) centres of excellence be a good framework to overbridge many of obstacles and constraints?

35. “We do not have to fight tradition; we must build and develop new ways based on tradition and accumulated experience” Aleksa Bjeliš, Rector Zagreb, 2009

36. Thank you