Transparency International’s 2010 Global Corruption Barometer

1. Transparency International’s 2010 Global Corruption Barometer Murray Petrie, Co-Chair, TINZ mpetrie@ihug.co.nz www.transparencynz.org.nz Chapman Tripp, Wellington, 13 December 2010

2. Overview • The Global Corruption Barometer and main global results • Summary of NZ Results • Specific issues for NZ

3. The Global Corruption Barometer • Since 2003, an annual survey of public views on and experiences of corruption. • 2010: 91,500 people surveyed by Gallup in 86 countries June-September. • NZ included in survey for first time in 2010. • GCR a public survey v Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), a survey of business/expert opinion

4. Main global results • 6 out of 10 say it has increased over last 3 years • 4 out of 10 paid a bribe in last 12 months • Police the most frequent recipient of bribes (29% of those who had contact) • The poor and young people may more bribes • 8 out of 10 say political parties are corrupt or extremely corrupt; civil service and parliament viewed as next most corrupt. Early draft

5. The NZ Survey • 1,291 respondents to an email survey by Colmar Brunton June 3 – July 11 • Nationally representative sample • Maximum margin of error +/- 2.8% (larger for disaggregated data) • TI Berlin did survey design and data collection • Analysis of NZ data with assistance from TINZ Summer Intern Ben Krieble

6. Corruption in NZ seen as increasing in last 3 years

7. Corruption increased in last 3 years? Cross-national comparisons

8. New Zealanders do pay bribes • “In the past 12 months have you or anyone in your household paid a bribe in any form…” to one of the following nine institutions/organizations: education system, judiciary, medical services, police, registry/permit services, utilities, tax, land services, customs • 3.6% answered yes.

9. Paid a bribe in the last 12 months? Cross-national comparisons

10. Other NZ evidence(Massey University*) • As part of the ISSP, a 2006 nationwide random mail survey, 1200 responses, margin of error +/-3% • In last 5 years 90% had never come across a public official who hinted/asked for a bribe for a service • But 7.5% said they had “seldom” come across such an official, 2.5% said “occasionally” , 0.5% said “quite often” or “very often.” • Asked how many politicians and public officials are involved in corruption, only 17% and 14% respectively said “almost none”* Data supplied by Professor Philip Gendall

11. SSC Integrity and Conduct Survey 2010 • 15% of 8,200 respondent state servants reported observing illegal conduct in previous 12 months • 4% observed “giving or accepting inappropriate payments, perks, or inappropriate gifts” • 5% observed inappropriate alteration of documents • 4% observed falsification or misrepresentation of records or reports

12. Who is seen as corrupt in NZ?1 = not corrupt; 5 = extremely corrupt

13. Government effective in fighting corruption?

14. Government effective in fighting corruption? Cross-national comparisons

15. Who do New Zealanders trust to fight corruption?

16. Role of individuals in fighting corruption

17. Conclusions • First public survey of bribery incidence in NZ • Surprising level of payment of bribes • Strong public view that corruption increasing • Consistent with other survey evidence; and with known increased risks from globalization • NZers think individuals can make a difference, and are willing to get involved • Government needs to be pro-active

18. What should be done? • Hot lines; ensure effective whistle blower protection • Focus on specific areas where officials have a valuable discretion: police; corrections; procurement; immigration; customs; regulation; taxation • Survey civil servants on bribery; repeat public surveys • Transparency of political party funding; apply OIA to parliament; MPs’ Code of Conduct; independent setting of MPs’ pay and allowances • Active reporting, monitoring, auditing and enforcement • Enlist the public e.g. civics education