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Software installation

Software installation. Chapter 7. Software installation. Numerous software options Usually free Open source Several sources Installation CD Websites sourceforge.net freshmeat.net Software update. Software installation. Installation options Package system apt, rpm, dpkg, etc.

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Software installation

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  1. Software installation • Chapter 7

  2. Software installation • Numerous software options • Usually free • Open source • Several sources • Installation CD • Websites • sourceforge.net • freshmeat.net • Software update

  3. Software installation • Installation options • Package system • apt, rpm, dpkg, etc. • depends on the distribution • Download binary file • Download source files, compile • Easiest to use: package system • not all software will have package file for every distribution • same goes for binary files • May need to compile the source to install • Similar to installing/upgrading kernel

  4. Using RPM • RPM (RedHat Package Manager) • Automates install/upgrade/uninstall of software • Keeps track of individual software files • Maintains dependencies (pre-requisite software) • To install • rpm -ivh software-file.rpm • Will complain about dependencies if not available • To upgrade • rpm -Uvh software-file.rpm • To remove • rpm -e software • To query • rpm -q software

  5. Using apt • Similar to RPM in many ways • Much more convenient • Software installs with less errors usually • Automatically downloads and installs from repositories • Keeps track of dependencies and installs required ones • Repositories • sources of available software • Internet • CD • Local • Easiest to use apt with Synaptic front-end

  6. Using apt • Requires sudo previliges for most tasks • To update the list of software from repositories • sudo apt-get update • To upgrade all available software • sudo apt-get upgrade • To install a software • sudo apt-get install software_name • apt downloads and installs software and dependencies from repositories • To search for software in repositories • sudo apt-cache search gedit • To look for information on a particular software • sudo apt-cache show gedit

  7. Using Synaptic • GUI front-end to apt • Easy to use and configure apt with Synaptic • Install apt first with Synaptic • Available under System>Administration • Can edit and add repositories

  8. Archive and Compression Utilities • Crucial tools for software installation from source • Archiving • Pack many files into a single file; easily transferred • tar • Compression • reduce the size of a file or set of files • compress • gzip • Usually archive and compression used together • archive several files into one • then compress the file

  9. gzip • Powerful compression utility • Working • Compress a file, big_file • save compressed file as big_file.gz • remove original file • Amount of compression depends on the kind of file • For eg., JPEG or PNG images are already compressed • To find out how much compression was done: • gzip -l big_file.gz • To get original file back: • gunzip big_file.gz

  10. c create a new archive x extract files from archive t list contents of archive r append to archive f filename of archive v verbose Using tar • tar is for archiving • packing many files into a single file • preserves ownerships, links, directory structure • Options: • To archive two files a.txt and b.txt into arch.tar: • tar cvf arch.tar a.txt b.txt • To archive a directory temp into temp.tar • tar cvf temp.tar temp

  11. Using tar • To extract an archive mt.tar • tar xvf mt.tar • To view the contents of the archive • tar tvf mt.tar • Using with gzip • use the z option when compressing into a gzip file • To archive & compress a.txt and b.txt into f.tar.gz • tar cvzf f.tar.gz a.txt b.txt • To extract the above compressed archive • tar xvzf f.tar.gz • To view the contents • tar tvzf f.tar.gz

  12. Installing/Upgrading software the hard way • rpm and apt packges of a software may not always be available • Use the latest release of the software • Source • Binary • Available as compressed files • Binary • Extract the files, which contain the necessary programs • Make sure the extracted program is in the PATH • Source • Extract the files, compile and install the program

  13. Installing from source • Hardest way to install a program • Necessary for installing latest version of the software • May require root privileges • Usual steps • Download the required tar compressed file • Extract the files using tar • Run it’s configuration program (usually ./configure) • Run make for compiling • Run make install (usually with sudo) for installation • Cleaning (optional): make clean • May run into problems! • shared libraries • compiling problems

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