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Cubism, Dada, Surrealism

Explore the groundbreaking movements of Cubism, Dada, and Surrealism, and the influential artists such as Picasso, Duchamp, and Magritte. Discover the innovative techniques and provocative concepts that revolutionized art in the early 20th century.

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Cubism, Dada, Surrealism

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  1. Cubism, Dada, Surrealism

  2. Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973) Self Portrait, 1906

  3. Pablo Picasso, (left) Portrait of the Artist's Mother, 1896, pastel on paper, Museo Picasso, Barcelona, Spain; (right) First Communion, 1895/6. The artist was 14 to 15 years old

  4. Picasso, La Vie, 1903, 6’5” x 4’2” “Blue Period” Symbolism(right) Paul Gauguin, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897-98 Symbolism

  5. Pablo Picasso, Portrait of Gertrude Stein, 1906 (“Proto-Cubist”)

  6. Picasso, Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1907, 8’/7’8” (proto-Cubism, Primitivism, Expressionism)

  7. Picasso, studies for Les Demoiselles D’Avignon, 1906-7

  8. Influence of African tribal sculpture

  9. (left) Georges Braque (French, 1882-1963) in his Paris studio, early 1912 (right) Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973) in his Paris studio, late 1911 In spite of out very different temperaments, we were guided by a common idea . . . .the differences didn’t count. . . . We lived in Montmartre, we saw each other every day, we talked. . . . It was a little like being roped together on a mountain. Georges Braque on his friendship with Picasso and the formulation of Cubism, 1908-1914

  10. (left) Pablo Picasso, Ma Jolie (Woman with a Guitar), 1911(right) Georges Braque, The Portuguese (The Emigrant), 1911Analytic Cubism

  11. Georges Braque, Bottle, Newspaper, Pipe and Glass, 1913, charcoal and various papers pasted on paper, collage (papier collé), 1’7”x 2’1”

  12. Picasso, Still life With Chair Caning, 1912, collage of oil, oilcloth, pasted paper on oval canvas surrounded by rope. Synthetic Cubism

  13. Picasso, Maquette for Guitar, 1912, cardboard, string and wire(right) Grebo mask owned by Picasso

  14. Dada rejects rational thought "Dada" arrived in almost all major Western cities between 1916 and 1922/3 5 main sites: Zurich, Paris, New York, Berlin, Cologne “Revolted by the butchery of the 1914 World War, we in Zurich devoted ourselves to the arts. While the guns rumbled in the distance, we sang, painted, made collages and wrote poems with all our might. We were seeking an art based on fundamentals, to cure the madness of the age, and a new order of things that would restore the balance between heaven and hell.” - Jean (Hans) Arp

  15. Hugo Ball (German,1886 -1927) performing Dada phonetic poem "karawane" on stage at Cabaret Voltaire, Zurich 1916"Art for us is an occasion for social criticism, and for a real understanding of the age we lived in"

  16. Jean (Hans) Arp, Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance, 1916-17, torn and pasted paper, 19 x 13” "Art is a fruit that grows in man, like a fruit on a plant, or a child in its mother's womb." - Jean Arp

  17. Marcel Duchamp (French-American, 1887-1968) Nude Descending a Staircase, No.2, 1912, oil on canvas, 58 x 35”Futurist style painting

  18. Marcel Duchamp. Bottle Rack, 1914/64, bottle rack made of galvanized ironBicycle Wheel, 1913, “Readymade”: bicycle wheel, mounted on a stoolFirst “readymade” Originals are lost

  19. Marcel Duchamp (A.K.A. R. Mutt), Fountain, 1917, New York DADADuchamp chose his objects on the basis of "visual indifference…as well as a total absence of taste, good or bad."

  20. Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass) 1915-23, oil, lead wire, foil, dust, and varnish on glass, 8’11” x 5’7”http://youtu.be/lmag4vL7hnQ

  21. Man Ray (born Emmanuel Radnitsky, American, 1890-1976) Gift, 1921Duchampian "ready-made assisted" & Surrealist "uncanny" object

  22. (left) Man Ray, Érotique voilée (1934-35) Meret Oppenheim behind printing press(right) Meret Oppenheim (German, 1913-1985), Object (Luncheon in Fur) 1936, fur covered cup, saucer, spoon, two views, Surrealism 1936 photo of Object by Dora Maar

  23. Precursors to Surrealism: 19th Century Romanticism and Symbolism (left) Arnold Bocklin, The Isle of the Dead, 1880, oil on canvas, Symbolism (right) Francisco Goya, Saturn, 1821-1823, fresco remounted on canvas, Romanticism

  24. Giorgio de Chirico, (Greek-Italian,1888-1978), The Melancholy and Mystery of a Street, 1914, oil on canvas, 34 x 28,” Metaphysical School, precursor of Surrealism

  25. “Naturalist” or “Hand Painted Dream” SurrealismRené Magritte (Belgian, 1898-1967) The Treachery of Images, 1928-29, oil on canvas, 23 x 31”, LACMA, Deconstruction

  26. René Magritte, Les Valeurs Personnelles (Personal Values), 1952, 31 x 39” oil on canvas, SFMOMA, Surrealism John Baldessari at 2007 exhibition he designed: Treachery of Images: René Magritte and Contemporary Art. LACMA

  27. AUTOMATONS and mannequins: “Dolls” are made of wood, metal, papier-mâché and dressed with wigs, clothing, etc. or notHans Bellmer (Polish, 1902-75), La Poupée (Doll), 1935-49, hand colored gelatin silver print. (right) Bellmer, La Poupée, 1935-36: (center) La Poupée), 1934; gelatin silver prints. Surrealist photography The art object is the photograph, not the sculpture.

  28. Luis Bunuel & Salvador Dali, frames from Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog), Surrealist film, France, 1928. Eyes, insects, metamorphosis, erotics, madness of the dream & subconscious

  29. METAMOPHOSIS OF FORMSalvador Dali (Spanish, 1904-89) (left below) interpreted photograph, Paranoic Face, 1931 from Le Surrealisme au Service de la Revolution, no.3. “voluntary hallucination" = the "critical paranoic method"(right) Dali, Apparition of a face and a Fruit Dish, oil on canvas, 1930 I think the time is rapidly coming when it will be possible…to systematize confusion thanks to a paranoiac and active process of thought, and so assist in discrediting completely the world of reality.” - Dali

  30. Salvador Dali, The Persistence of Memory, 1931oil on canvas, 9 x 13,” MoMA NYC “The transcription of reveries.” Hand-painted dream photographs. Dali’s morphological aesthetics of the soft and hard and the search for form: “un-form” (Informe) Cape Creus, Catalonia

  31. Pablo Picasso, Guernica, 1937, oil on canvas, 11’6” x 25’8”, Madrid

  32. BIOMORPHISM + POPULAR CULTUREJoan Mirò (Spanish), Painting, 1933, oil on canvas, 5’8” x 6’5” MoMA, NYC (right) source collage of clippings from equipment catalogues

  33. Alberto Giacometti (Swiss), The Palace at 4 a.m., 1932-3, 2 views, construction in wood, glass, wire, and string, 25 x 28 x 16”, MoMA NYC. Surrealist constructed sculpture 1932 sketch indicates pre-conception

  34. Frida Kahlo (Mexican) What the Water Yields Me, oil on canvas,1938 Imogen Cunningham, Frida Kahlo in San Francisco, 1931

  35. Frida Kahlo (Mexican 1907-1954) The Two Fridas, 1939, oil on canvas, 5’7” x 5’7”. Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City

  36. Rivera, (left) with Frida Kahlo, 1930, (right) In The Arsenal, 1928, fresco, detail, Mexico City Ministry of Education. Frida Kahlo, center, distributes arms. In the right hand side Tina Modotti holds an ammunition belt. Text on the red banner is from a corrido, a song of the agrarian revolution.

  37. Rivera at the Education Ministry, Mexico City, with one of his murals, 1924. Project began in 1922 and finished in 1928

  38. Every artist who has been worth anything has been a propagandist. . . I want to be a propagandist of Communism and I want to be it in all that I can think, in all that I can speak, in all that I can write, and in all that I can paint. I want to use my art as a weapon. . ." The Revolutionary Spirit in Modern Art, Diego Rivera, 1932

  39. Rivera, Wall Street Banquet, 1928, fresco, 2nd floor, Ministry of Education, MC

  40. Diego Rivera. Death of the Capitalist. 1928. Fresco. South wall, Courtyard of the Fiestas, Ministry of Education, Mexico City, Mexico.

  41. Diego Rivera, The History of Mexico. 1929-35. Fresco. West wall, detail of central arch, National Palace, Mexico City, Mexico

  42. Diego Rivera.The History of Mexico - The Ancient Indian World. 1929-35. Fresco. North wall, National Palace, Mexico City, Mexico. The topic of this mural is the history of Mexico from the fall of Teotihuacan, about 900 BCE to the beginning of the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas in 1935.

  43. Diego Rivera. The History of Mexico. 1929-35. Fresco. West wall, left inner arch, National Palace, Mexico City, Mexico

  44. Diego Rivera, The Making of a Fresco Showing the Building of a City, 1931, fresco, San Francisco Art Institute

  45. Diego Rivera’s San Francisco Institute fresco

  46. Diego Rivera. Allegory of California, 1930-31. Fresco. Mural on wall and ceiling of main staircase between tenth and eleventh floors. Exchange's Luncheon Club/City Club, Pacific Stock Exchange Tower, San Francisco

  47. Rivera, Pan-American Unity, 1940, fresco, City College of San Francisco, 5 panels

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