Automatic Transfer Switch using microcontroller

1. Higher Technological Institute Electrical Department Automatic Transfer Switch using microcontroller Advisor/Dr Hussein Taraf By/ Heba Mohamed Mohamed Farouk Abdallah Mohamed Mohamed Ali Graduation Project Presentation July 30, 2013

2. Starting Quotation… Power failure or outage in general does not promote development in the public and private sector. Investors do not feel secure to operate in a country with constant or frequent power failure. Most industrial and commercial processes are dependent on electrical power. The need for continuous power supply and its reliability has increased rapidly over the years, especially in all those areas where uninterrupted power supply is a must. Modern systems are power dependent. Their complexity has increased as continuous information and communications are needed to control automated process, be it in industries, commercial complexes, hospitals, hotels and airports. HOME PAGE EXIT

3. So, The need for independent standby power system has therefore increased . So it is necessary to use either ups or the transfer switches as alternative power source. AND NOW What is the difference between ups and transfer switches? HOME PAGE EXIT

4. We will notice that The difference between them lies in the difference in the dark time Where dark time can be defined as the time where there is no current load. So the following graph shows this difference: HOME PAGE EXIT

5. In UPS there is no dark time. HOME PAGE EXIT

6. However, there is a dark time in ATS. HOME PAGE EXIT

7. Transfer switches: Transfer Switches allow switching from a primary power source to a secondary power source and are employed in some electrical power distribution systems; most often transfer switches can be seen where emergency power generators are used to back up from the utility source. The transfer switching allows safely switching from utility power to emergency generator power while maintaining isolation of each source from the other. HOME PAGE EXIT

8. 2013 HOME PAGE EXIT

9. ● Manual transfer switches Manual transfer switch are simple toggle type switches that can be manually turned on or off to transfer the source of power to the back-up. 2013 HOME PAGE EXIT

10. ● Automatic transfer switches • Automatic transfer switches, on the other hand, do not • require any mechanical action. These automatically • transfer power from one source to another. They are • extremely convenient to use and do not need to be • toggled manually. 2013 HOME PAGE EXIT

11. So, let us illustrate our project theme…… HOME PAGE EXIT

12. The purpose of this project is to design and construct an automatic changeover switch that provides a solution to the erratic power supply problem we are facing today. The automatic changeover switch is a unique switching system that can be used to effect the change from one power supply to another as well as to ensuring consistency in the supply to a particular network or load. The another function of changeover switch is to interface between two different electrical power sources (the mains supply and the generator). HOME PAGE EXIT

13. ATS theory: HOME PAGE EXIT

14. EL0: emergency load zero , EL1: emergency load one , EL2: emergency load two , EL3: emergency load three , EL4: emergency load four HOME PAGE EXIT

15. what is the sequence of operation in ATS project??? So, So, HOME PAGE EXIT

16. (1) Main exists: Simulated by connecting the main supply socket (main lamp will light up).load is supplied from the main supply (load lamp will light up). Main Contactor ON Generator Contactor OFF Engine OFF HOME PAGE EXIT

17. (2) Main fails: HOME PAGE EXIT

18. Main return (3) Main return: Delay Generator contactor ON Main Contactor ON Delay Engine cooling Fuel solenoid OFF HOME PAGE EXIT

19. Timing model of operation: The following graph clarifies the operating time of each case operation: HOME PAGE EXIT

20. Where :- - T1 Delay to start. - T2 Start sequence time. - T3 Generator builds up time. - T4 Main returns delay. - T5 Engine cooling time. - T6 Transition time. - T Dark time. HOME PAGE EXIT

21. Flow chart of the circuit : HOME PAGE EXIT

22. Circuit diagram: HOME PAGE EXIT

23. And now, let us talk about diesel generator?.... HOME PAGE EXIT

24. Diesel generator: HOME PAGE EXIT

25. A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator (often an alternator) to generate electrical energy. Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to the power grid, as emergency power-supply if the grid fails, as well as for more complex applications such as peak-lopping, grid support and export to the power grid. Sizing of diesel generators is critical to avoid low-load or a shortage of power and is complicated by modern electronics, specifically non-linear loads. HOME PAGE EXIT

26. Diesel generators are capable of providing power at various sites where power is required like civil work and construction sites as well as are also employed in various facilities as emergency power source for critical equipment like medical equipment in hospital, bank online system and traffic signals etc. HOME PAGE EXIT

27. General inspection: HOME PAGE EXIT

28. In our project we use the microcontroller for controlling the project we will show what is the microcontroller briefly…….. HOME PAGE EXIT

29. Microcontroller: A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated μC, uC or MCU) is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals.Program memory in the form of NOR flash or OTP ROM is also often included on chip, as well as a typically small amount of RAM. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or other general purpose applications. HOME PAGE EXIT

30. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems. HOME PAGE EXIT

31. And those are some of classic components which we use for our project……. HOME PAGE EXIT

32. Miniature Circuit Breaker: A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. HOME PAGE EXIT

33. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. HOME PAGE EXIT

34. RELAY: A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. HOME PAGE EXIT

35. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations. HOME PAGE EXIT

36. SWITCH: In electrical engineering, a switch is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another. HOME PAGE EXIT

37. PUSH BUTTON: A push-button or simply button is a simple switch mechanism for controlling some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or metal. The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed or pushed. HOME PAGE EXIT

38. a Y u T k h n o HOME PAGE EXIT