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Figure 4.2 Role of biological lipids

Figure 4.2 Role of biological lipids. Lipid bilayer, membrane structure. Emulsifiers, surfactants. Energy storage, waxes. Lipids. Toxins, antibiotics, insecticides. Enzyme co-factors. Signaling molecules. Figure 5.10a. Fatty acid (in this case, palmitic acid). Glycerol.

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Figure 4.2 Role of biological lipids

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  1. Figure 4.2 Role of biological lipids Lipid bilayer, membrane structure Emulsifiers, surfactants Energy storage, waxes Lipids Toxins, antibiotics, insecticides Enzyme co-factors Signaling molecules

  2. Figure 5.10a Fatty acid(in this case, palmitic acid) Glycerol (a) One of three dehydration reactions in the synthesis of a fat

  3. Ester linkage Figure 5.10b (b) Fat molecule (triacylglycerol)

  4. (b) Unsaturated fat (a) Saturated fat Figure 5.11 Structuralformula of asaturated fatmolecule Structuralformula of anunsaturated fatmolecule Space-fillingmodel of stearicacid, a saturatedfatty acid Space-filling modelof oleic acid, anunsaturated fattyacid Cis double bondcauses bending.

  5. Box 4-3, Figure 1 Fatty acid carbon numbering systems Palmitoleic acid C16:1 D9 (cis) (Z)-9-hexadecenoic acid Linoleic acid C18:2 D9,12 (cis) (9Z,12Z)-Octadecadienoic acidw6 fatty acid

  6. Choline Hydrophilic head Phosphate Figure 5.12 Glycerol Fatty acids Hydrophobic tails Hydrophilichead Hydrophobictails (a) Structural formula (b) Space-filling model (c) Phospholipid symbol

  7. WATER Hydrophilichead Figure 5.13 Hydrophobictail WATER

  8. Figure 4.8 Main types of membrane lipids Phospholipid Glycolipid Cholesterol Glycerophospholipid Glycerolipids Sphingolipid Sterol Phosphatidyl- ethanolamine Monogalactosyl- glyceroglycolipid Ganglioside GM1 Cholesterol Head group Core Tail Figure 5.14 Polar Non-polar

  9. Figure 4.12 Head group functionality, size and charge of glycerophospholipids R (* pK value for primary phosphate group ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 in all phospholipids)

  10. Figure 4.26 Sterol lipids and hopenes in eukarya and bacteria Bacteria Animals Plants Fungi Squalene Hopene in bacteria in eukarya Lanosterol

  11. Figure 4.27 Hopanoids replace sterols in bacterial lipid bialyers

  12. Figure 4.17 Membrane lipids in archaea

  13. Figure 4.30 Lipid derived signaling molecules Membrane lipid precursor Animal (C20, arachidonic acid) Animal (C20, arachidonic acid) Plant (C18, linoleic acid) Animal (C20, arachidonic acid) Glycerophospholipids Plasmalogens Phosphatidylinositiol Cholesterol Signaling molecule Prostaglandin PGE1 Leukotriene A4 Jasmonic acid Anandamide (arachidonyl ehtanolamide) Lysophospholipid PAF IP3 Testosterone

  14. KEGG A data base of molecular compounds http://www.genome.ad.jp/kegg-bin/get_htext?br08001.keg

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