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17.1 Mechanical Waves

Understand mechanical waves, their types (transverse, longitudinal, surface), and properties (frequency, wavelength, speed, amplitude). Learn how waves travel through mediums and their characteristics.

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17.1 Mechanical Waves

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  1. 17.1 Mechanical Waves

  2. What Are Mechanical Waves? • A mechanical wave is a disturbance in matter that carries energy from one place to another. • Energy is the ability to do work.

  3. What Are Mechanical Waves? • Mechanical waves require matter to travel through. • The material through which a wave travels is called a medium. • Solids, liquids, and gases can act as mediums.

  4. What Are Mechanical Waves? • A mechanical wave is created when a source of energy causes a vibration to travel through a medium. • A vibration is a repeating back and forth motion.

  5. Types of Mechanical Waves • Mechanical waves are classified by the way they move through a medium. • The three main types of mechanical waves are transverse waves, longitudinal waves, and surface waves.

  6. Transverse Waves • The highest point of the waves above the rest position is the crest. • The lowest point below the rest position is the trough.

  7. Transverse Waves • A transverse wave is a wave that causes the medium to vibrate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels. • EX: Making your bed.

  8. Longitudinal Waves • An area where the particles in a medium are spaced close together is called a compression. • An area where the particles in a medium are spread out is called a rarefaction.

  9. Longitudinal Waves • A longitudinal wave is a wave in which the vibration of the medium is parallel to the direction the wave travels. • EX: Slinky

  10. Surface Waves • A surface wave is a wave that travels along a surface separating two media. • For a surface wave the medium vibrates both perpendicular and parallel to wave direction (circular motion). • EX: Fishing bobber

  11. Practice! • Complete worksheet on your own. • Participation AND Class work Grade!!!!

  12. 17.2 Properties of Mechanical Waves

  13. Frequency and Period • Any motion that repeats at regular time intervals is called periodic motion. • The time required for one cycle, a complete motion that returns to its starting point, is called the period.

  14. Frequency and Period • Any periodic motion has a frequency, which is the number of complete cycles in a given time. • For a wave, the frequency is the number of wave cycles that pass a point in a given time.

  15. Frequency and Period • Frequency is measured in cycles per second, or hertz (Hz). • A wave’s frequency equals the frequency of the vibrating source producing the wave.

  16. Wavelength • Wavelength is the distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next cycle of the wave. • Increasing the frequency of a wave decreases its wavelength.

  17. Wave Speed • Speed of Waves: • Speed = Wavelength x Frequency

  18. Wave Speed • The speed of a wave can change if it enters a new medium or if variable such as pressure and temperature change. • If you assume that waves are traveling at a constant speed, then wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.

  19. Amplitude • The amplitude of a wave is the maximum displacement of the medium from its rest position. • The more energy a wave has, the greater is its amplitude.

  20. Practice!!!!!! • Complete worksheet on your own. • Participation AND Class work Grade!!!!

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