H. Geryville, A. Bouras, Y. Ouzrout, N. Sapidis Lumière University of Lyon, France

1. An architecture of product information exchange:transformation and adaptation of the knowledge within supply chain context H. Geryville, A. Bouras, Y. Ouzrout, N. Sapidis Lumière University of Lyon, France University of the Aegean, Greece hichem.geryville@univ-lyon2.fr

2. Plan • Introduction • Research context & Thesis problematic • Thesis objectives • Proposed methodology • The Product-Process-Collaboration-Organisation Model • The multiple viewpoints approach • The exchange information protocol • The global architecture • Example • Conclusion Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

3. Introduction • La complémentarité scientifique de ces deux laboratoires a orienté nos travaux de thèse dans le domaine de la gestion du cycle de vie des informations liées aux produits industriels (via leurs échange/partage entre acteurs) selon deux objectifs: • Analyse et classification des information liées aux produits et aux processus suivis dans une orientation PLM/SCM. • Formalisation d’un modèle adapté à l’échange et au partage d’informations tout au long du cycle de vie d’un produit, il intègre aussi un sous-modèle représentatif de points de vue des collaborateurs ajusté à l’extraction, à la transformation et à l’adaptation des informations/connaissances d’un acteur à l’autre. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

4. Research Context and the Problematic • Product design and development have become complicated processes where more problems are overlapping each other’s. • Product development might ever more take into account improved customers’ tastes and requests in a shorter time-to-market. • The integration of product lifecycle and supply chain and their related management are becoming unavoidable key aspects, creating such as a “switcher” information problem. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

5. Research Context and the Problematic • Enterprises have to focus on their core competences in order to improve the efficiencies and to reduce the inefficiencies → Multidisciplinary collaboration. • The multidisciplinary collaboration between different actors depends on exchanging and sharing adequate information on the product, related processes and business throughout the product’s lifecycle. • The effective capture of information, and also its extraction, recording, exchange, sharing, and reuse become increasingly critical, especially when one considers the collaborators’ points of view. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

6. Objectives • This work is focusing on integration of product, process, collaboration and supply chain organization modeling in a collaborative framework. • …To improve the definition of the product development model. • …To increase the quality of the exchanged information by using “multiple viewpoints” approach, especially to capture the actors’ interest on the product and process information. • …To facilitate transformation/adaptation of knowledge/information from one actor to another, following his/her viewpoints on product (objective and focus) Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

7. Proposed methodology • Product-Process-Collaboration-Organization Model (PPCO) • Multiple viewpoints approach • Communication protocol Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

8. The PPCO Model • In multidisciplinary collaboration oriented PLM/SCM, we need to define a general core model which includes the information on the product (geometry design, manufacturing data, managing data, etc.), on the processes, on the collaboration, and on the structure of the supply chain organization. This model is inspired from the PPO of Graza [Gzara 03] and IPPOP [IPPOP 2004, Rose 04]. • Our first objective on proposing the PPCO model is to provide a base-level information model which is open, non-proprietary, generic, extensible, and independent of any product development process and a generic collaboration within supply chain context, able to capture the whole engineering and business context. • This model is composed of four main parts interconnected directly or indirectly (by using viewpoints approach) such, product, process, collaboration, and organization. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

9. Specific vocabulary for product lifecycle data & supply chain data Schema • Meta-data for product lifecycle data • Meta-data of Product, Process, Collaboration, and Organisation (PPCO) • Meta-data of interaction among PPCO • Product–Process • Process–Collaboration • Collaboration–Organization Meta-data of product lifecycle data Our vision Content-data of product lifecycle Changeability Dynamic Static Characteristics Organization Collaboration Process Product BOL MOL EOL Chronological Order The PPCO Model Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

10. The PPCO Model • Product: the product structure is defined not only by the decomposition of the complete product into elemental components, but also by the interactions between these components. The interactions may include well-specified interfaces and undesired or incidental interactions. • Process: the product development process is generally a complex procedure involving information exchange across the many activities/tasks in order to execute the work. Various network-based methods have been used to map and study development processes. • Organization: the organization structure determines who works with whom and who reports to whom. However, in development organizations we are particularly interested to study the communication patterns of the actors conducting the technical development work. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

11. The PPCO Model: the product model Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

12. The PPCO Model: the product model Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

13. The PPCO Model: the process model Our process model is based on SCOR model (Supply Chain) and IDEF3 Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

14. The PPCO Model: the organization & collaboration models Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

15. The PPCO Model: global view Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

16. Enterprise Information Technology Computation Engineering Multiple viewpoints approach ODP System Business aspects who? why? Information, changes, constraints Hard- and software components That implement the system Configuration of objects interacting at interfaces Mechanisms and services for distribution transparencies Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

17. Multiple viewpints approach • In ODP viewpoint model, we are interesting on the enterprise and information viewpoints, are respectively with organizational requirements and information modeling. • From these two kinds of viewpoints, we can say that the viewpoints framework provides an infrastructure for capturing and organizing product information extraction within multidisciplinary collaboration. • In multidisciplinary collaboration context, the human dimension is important and corresponds to the different actors in a PL phasis, the related knowledge dimension corresponds to the experience, competence and situation of the actor. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

18. Multiple viewpints approach • Most of the authors agree that a viewpoint is strongly influenced by the actor’s domain. Factors such as the field of experience and specific technical interest play a role in this representation. Several actors see the product information differently according to the specific constraints to their discipline. • Based on definition of Garlan [Garlan 87] and Easterbrook [Easterbrook 93], we define viewpoint as a subset of information concerning the product/process respecting the actor’s focuses. This definition is characterized by a context, which allows the restitution of the information that the actor want to use/retrieve, and a degree of importance/reuse he wants to give to this viewpoint. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

19. Multiple viewpints approach • In our case, the viewpoint permits: • Simple seek of information of product/process within a supply chain context, • Visualization of pieces of information according to a given process/activity, • Comparison of information between viewpoints. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

20. Multiple viewpints approach Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

21. Multiple viewpints approach Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

22. Communication protocol • We propose a typology of exchanged messages to communicate and information exchange between actors. To define the messages’ structure, we studied and compared several business frameworks. We noticed that it exist three categories of frameworks: • Cross-industry frameworks provide cross industry vocabularies but are limited to the rough process approach and are not greatly concerned with messaging (e.g. xCBL, OAGIS). • Specific-industry frameworks give industry-specific vocabularies. However, their main contribution is in business processes, as papiNet (www.papinet.org) and RosettaNet (www.rosettanet.org) which provide a comprehensive description of business processes in a particular industry by applying the detailed process approach. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

23. Multiple viewpints approach • Process-centric frameworks provide no vocabularies but focus on business processes taking the generic process approach (e.g. ebXML, BPML). In our case, we integrate the OAGIS, papiNet and RosettaNet messages to create a standard XML messages exchange following the business process. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

24. The full architecture Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

25. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

26. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

27. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

28. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

29. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

30. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design a. Product structure Viewpoints c. Development of the supply-chain organization b. Process development Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

31. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

32. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

33. Example: Scenario 1: Supply Chain with externalization of Design Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

34. Conclusion • The proposed framework is based on four layers and instead to capture, exchange, share and reuse information within supply chain context. • The viewpoints approach was integrated to capture the actors’ interest on their collaboration over the product lifecycle, and to optimize the exchange. • With the integration of the both proposition, the system particularly will be ensure: • The integration and consolidation of information coming various sources, and its filtering, transformation and adaptation to various viewpoints. • Optimization of time restitution. • Information traceability. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

35. Perspectives • Integration of the ontology definition in the prototype. • Add a definition of the information traceability from the creation to it using by the actors. • Validate the full prototype with a new PLM/SCM scenario. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

36. References (1/2) • Bowman, H.; Derrick, J.; Linington, PF.; Steen, MWA.: “Cross viewpoint consistency in Open Distributed Processing,” in A. Finkelstein and I. Sommerville (Eds.), IEE Software Engineering Journal, Special Issue on Viewpoints, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 44–57, 1996. • Bronsvoort, WF.; Noort, A.; Van Den Berg, E.; Hoek, GFM.: “Product development with multiple-view feature modeling”, Proc. of the IFIP Conference on Feature Modeling and Advanced Design-for-the-Lifecycle Systems, Valenciennes, France, June 2001. • Brown, J.: “The PLM program, an incremental approach to the strategic value of PLM”, http://www.technologyevaluation.com, 2003. • Bucciarelli, L.: “Between thought and object in engineering design”. Design Studies 23, 2002, pp 219-231. • Drews, M.O. : “Raisonnement Classificatoire dans une représentation à objets multi-points de vue”, PhD Thesis, University of Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1, 4 October, 1993. • Easterbrook, S.: “Domain Modelling with Hierarchies of alternative viewpoints”, in Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering, January 4-6, San Diego, California, 1993. • Finch, I.: “Viewpoints – Facilitating expert systems for multiple users”, In Proc. of the 4th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications, DEXA’93, Springer-Verlad (Ed.), 1993. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

37. References (2/2) • Garlan, D.: “Views for Tools in Integrated Environments”, Proceedings of TOOLS’87, pp. 313-343, 1987. • Geryville, H.; Ouzrout, Y., Bouras, A.; Nikolaos, S.: “A collaborative framework to exchange and sharing product information within a supply chain context”, in Proceeding of IEEE, International Conference on Machine Intelligence, 2005, pp. 195-202. • Gzara, L.; Rieu, D.; Tollenaere, M.: “Product information systems engineering: an approach for building product models by reuse of patterns”, Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol. 19, 2003, pp. 239-261. • Hoffman, CM.; Joan-Ariyo, R.: “Distributed maintenance of multiple product views”, Computer-Aided Design, vol. 32, 2000, pp. 421-431. • ISO/IEC: RM-ODP, Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing. International Standard ISO/IEC 10746-1 to 10746-4, ITU-T Recommendations X.901 to X.904. 1997. • Ribière, M.: “Using viewpoints and CG for the representation and management of a corporate memory in concurrent engineering”. ICCS’98, Springer-Velag, 1998, pp. 94-108. • Sudarsan, R.i; Fenves, SJ.; Sriram; RD.; Wang, F.: “A product information modelling framework for product lifecycle management”, Computer-Aided Design, 2005. Cerral/Prisma Laboratory

38. Questions ??? Cerral/Prisma Laboratory