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Nucleic Acids

Explore the fundamentals of nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, their structure, and function in building proteins. Learn about nucleotide composition, monomers, and polymer formation.

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Nucleic Acids

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  1. Nucleic Acids Organic Molecules: Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

  2. Nucleic Acid Basics • Contain instructions to build proteins • 2 types: • DNA • RNA Proteins built from DNA instructions Blueprint to build a boat

  3. Nucleic Acid Basics Contain instructions to build proteins 2 types: DNA RNA Composed of smaller units called nucleotides Monomer: Nucleotide Polymer: Nucleic acid Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide

  4. NucleotideStructure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids Three parts Sugar molecule Phosphate group 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases Adenine (A) Thymine (T) Guanine (G) Cytosine (C) adenine Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide thymine Monomer: nucleotide Nucleic acid (polymer) Monomer: nucleotide cytosine Monomer: nucleotide Monomer: nucleotide guanine

  5. NucleotideStructure What’s a nucleotide? Monomer of nucleic acids Three parts Sugar molecule Phosphate group 1 of 4 Nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G) Nucleotides combine to make nucleic acids Instructions for ribosomes to make protein

  6. 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor 1. How many nucleotides are pictured? 2. What is this long chain of nucleotides called? 3. Name the blue shaped pentagon molecule. 4. What are these individual monomers called? 5. What will these instructions be used to create? Six Nucleic acid Sugar Nucleotides Protein

  7. Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides

  8. Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides • 4 DNA Bases: • A pairs with T • C pairs with G

  9. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Gene A: Hemoglobin protein Gene B: Keratin protein Gene C: Collagen protein • Double Helix: 2 chains of nucleotides • Hydrogen bond connects the two nucleotides • Chargaff’s Rules: • A pairs with T • C pairs with G • Gene: section of DNA that codes for a protein

  10. How many Nucleotides? 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6 12

  11. Ribonucleic Acid • Single chain of nucleotides • Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine

  12. Ribonucleic Acid Physically builds the protein Instructions to build protein Single chain of nucleotides Nitrogen bases: Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine Function: Deliver instructions from DNA to ribosomes

  13. 1 min: Discuss with your neighbor monosaccharide polysaccharide Amino acid Fatty acid, Glycerol Nucleotide

  14. Review Vocabulary: Monomer, Polymer, Nucleotide, Double helix, Nitrogen base Name the monomer of nucleic acids. Draw & Label a nucleotide. How are the four nitrogen bases of DNA abbreviated? RNA? What does the phosphate molecule of a nucleotide bond with? What do you call a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein? If the DNA nitrogen bases were TACCGGAT, how would the attached DNA strand read? How are DNA and RNA different? Same?

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