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Digestive Systems: Monogastric vs. Ruminant vs. Modified Monogastric

Explore how food undergoes digestion in monogastric (humans and pigs), ruminant (goats, cattle), and modified monogastric systems. Learn about the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, cecum, large intestine, rectum, rumen, reticulum, abomasum, and omasum in these systems. Discover the crucial functions and processes involved in each digestive system.

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Digestive Systems: Monogastric vs. Ruminant vs. Modified Monogastric

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  1. Digestion“From Food to Feces” How would you digest that? Mmmmm….

  2. Monogastric • Included in humans and pigs • Characterized by one stomach with one compartment • Due to this one stomach, feedstuffs must be in the form of grains as they are easier to digest

  3. How do you get swine flu? 

  4. Monogastric • Comprised of: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Small Intestine • Cecum • Large Intestine • Rectum “It all starts with the mouth… open up!”

  5. My teeth are amazingly strong. Did you know chewing is also called MASTICATION? Monogastric • Mouth • Where food enters the digestive tract • Teeth chew to break down food • Enzymatic breakdown of starch begins • Saliva is an enzyme which breaks down starch • The tongue helps move food around and push it to the next part of the digestive system

  6. Monogastric Mouth

  7. Are you our Mommy?

  8. Monogastric I really have to go the bathroom! • Esophagus • Tube which carries food from the mouth to the stomach • Pushes with a series of muscle contractions called PERISTALSIS.

  9. Monogastric • Stomach • Chamber where chemicals are added to the food • Cells secrete hydrochloric acid and enzymes • These help break down food into basic carbohydrates, proteins, and fats • Some smaller particles are absorbed into the blood stream through the stomach wall

  10. Monogastric Stomach

  11. Monogastric • Small Intestine • Complex tube which lies in a spiral • Absorbs nutrients! • Cells produce enzymes to help break down food further

  12. Monogastric I have a really big cecum! • Cecum • Known as the “blind gut” • Located between the small and large intestines • Has little function in the monogastric digestive system

  13. Monogastric • Large Intestine • Shorter than the small intestine, but larger in diameter • Main function is the absorption of water • Mucous is added to the matter to make it easier to pass through the rest of the system

  14. Monogastric • Rectum • The terminal portion of the large intestine • Leads to the anus where the remaining wastes are passed outside of the body

  15. Monogastric Cecum and Large Intestine

  16. How well do you remember?

  17. Ruminant (Polygastric) • Found in goats, sheep, cattle, deer, camels, giraffes, llamas and more • Characterized by one stomach with four compartments • Used for the digestion of mass quantities of roughages • Hay and grasses

  18. If you are wondering…I am a YAK!I am proud to say I chew my CUD and I am a ruminant!

  19. Wake up…we’re not done!

  20. Ruminant • Comprised of: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Rumen • Reticulum • Abomasum • Omasum • Small Intestine • Cecum • Large Intestine • Rectum

  21. Ruminant What’s up…I’m chewing my Cud…Sometimes I chew over 100 times before swallowing! • Mouth • Functions the same as in monogastrics except: • Ruminants regurgitate their food and re-chew it • A cow makes between 40,000-60,000 jaw movements a day chewing

  22. Ruminant • Esophagus • Same as in a monogastric except: • Cardiac valve allows animal to regurgitate feed stuffs to be chewed repeatedly

  23. Ruminant • What is so grand about regurgitating food? • Would you like to eat this? • If you did eat this, how efficiently would your body break it down? • Your monogastric system was not made to breakdown feed such as this!!!

  24. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Rumen • Acts as a large fermentation vat • Movement of the rumen mixes the contents of the stomach • Stirs it up to more easily find large particles that need to be regurgitated and re-chewed • Can be as big as a 50 gallon drum in a large cow!!!

  25. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Reticulum • May be considered an extra piece of the rumen • Has a large honey comb shape • Site of hardware collection • Hardware disease • Animal will inject metal in the feed. It will collect here • Magnets can help keep it from going further

  26. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Omasum • Primarily aids in the absorption of water • Numerous folds help trap digestive particles to increase the time they stay in the omasum for absorption

  27. Ruminant • Stomach Compartment • Abomasum • Considered the “true stomach” • Has the same functions of the monogastric stomach • Hydrochloric acid helps with the break down of feedstuffs

  28. Ruminant Stomach

  29. Ruminant • The small intestine, cecum, and large intestine have the same functions as the monogastric digestive system

  30. Modified Monogastric • Comprised of: • Everything in the monogastric except: • The cecum is much larger and plays an important role in the digestive process as it is modified • Makes up %16 of horses total digestive anatomy

  31. Modified Monogastric • Cecum • Acts as a large fermentation vat where large amounts of roughages can be broken down more easily • Found in horses and rabbits. “I have a really large cecum so that I can digest all my food properly!”

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